Abstract:The upper reaches of Yangtze River are characteristic of broken geology and fragile ecology,and prevail in sloping upland agriculture and serious soil erosion,leading to backward economy and large population in poverty.Experts consider that soil erosion is the origin of poverty,since it washes away the fertile top soil that crops grow on and along with moisture and plant nutrients that support all green lives.Adopting cash crop hedgerows and balanced fertilizer technology to combat soil erosion has proven very practical and applicable on a large scale.It not only reduces effectively the soil erosion from sloping farmlands,but also increases crop yield and farmers'income.This integrated new technology has realized the goal combining social,ecological and economic benefits,and can thus safeguard the sustainable agriculture on sloping lands.

Abstract:通过定位观测和实地调查,对陕北黄土丘陵区已建乡村聚落的水力侵蚀、新建窑洞(房)过程中的弃土侵蚀及窑洞坍塌形成的侵蚀进行了研究,结果表明:①观测期间(2004.6~2004.10),乡村聚落的平均水力侵蚀强度为5434.3 t/km2,已达到强度级侵蚀,其中户间道路为7 348.0 t/km2,户间空地为6 873.2 t/km2,院落为2 081.7 t/km2;②新建1孔(间)窑洞或平房,平均弃土34.9 m3,相当于动土量的23.6%;延安以北丘陵区近20年新建窑(房)平均每年弃土7 957.2万m3,弃土年流失量约为517.22万m3(775.83万t/a);③在调查的102孔(间)塌窑所形成的松散堆积体,平均每孔(间)窑(房)年流失泥沙46.3 m3,延安以北丘陵区因塌窑每年流失泥沙1 249.17万m3(1873.76万t/a).以上说明乡村聚落发展带来了较严重的土壤侵蚀,应加强研究与防治。

Abstract:The grain characteristic of falling dust and different height surface and their relationship were analyzed by the field observation data.The results are as follows: the falling sand-dust of 0.1 m height near surface is mainly from saltation matter,the fine sand compositions of falling dust are fewer and the powder sand elements are more.The relationships between the grain characteristics of surface and the sand dust storm are obvious,and the grain characteristics can reflect the degree of affording sand-dust from surface.

Abstract:New polymer materials have very important acts in desertification control and improvement of ecological environment. SH polymer material is made with the assistance of our research group in the university. This paper mainly deals with the relation between SH-fixated layer and wind erosion by the wind tunnel test. Results indicate that its resistances to wind erosion are better than other materials. SH can be used for sand dune fixation. The references may guide the field practice in sand fixation by SH in future.

Abstract:In this paper, a quantitative research on the relationship between strong wind aays and sand-dust storm days has been made by using 40 years meteorological data of five types of underlying surface in northern China, which includefarmland, grassland, sandland, gobi and salt crust. By analyzing, we can find that there are certain correlations between the days of sand-dust storm and strong wind for different types of underlying surface. Underlying surface has great influence on sand-dust storm, but there are pronounced differences in different types of underlying surface for this influence. The sand-dust storm days of grassland, gobi and salt crust, with smaller interannual variation are obviously less than strong wind days. On the other hand, the sand-dust storm days of farmland and sandland increase evidently, even in many years, are much more than strong wind days. The differences are mainly induced by the influencing mechanism of different underlying surface on sand-dust storm.

Abstract:Gullies are extensively distributed in the upper Yangtze river Basin,SW-China.But the development of these gullies is still not clear because there is no a reliable technique to be used for quantifying this issue.The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution characteristic of gully system and major factors affecting gully development in Changshanling area of Xichang,using GPS and GIS.We measured the gully system using RTK-GPS and established digital elevation mode(DEM) of the gully catchment,and proposed a method forextract gully system from the established DEM in frame of GIS.Our results indicated that our method for quantifying gullies from the DEM based on RTK-GPS survey is practical and effective.The gully density in Changshanling catchments was 46.7 m/hm~2,and annual average gully erosion amount was 191.9 t/hm~2,indicating a severe soil erosion and land loss in SW-China.Therefore,soil and water conservation measures should focus on controlling gully erosion for rebuilding ecological environment in the study area.

Abstract:The effect of forage grass on runoff and sediment reductions was studied by using different flows scouring experiment,and analyzed mechanism of regulating runoff in slope from the duration of producing runoff,velocity and depth of runoff.The results showed that:(1) The grass slope had significant effect of decreasing runoff and sediment yield,which,compared with the control,runoff coefficient and sediment yield rate decreased 28.3% and 78.4%,respectively.(2) The generation process of runoff in grass and without grass slope has a similar rule.The process of sediment yield rate in the slope without grass took on the trend of high-low-high,however,for the grass slopes,having a trend of increasing initially and finally apt to steady.(3)Moreover,compared withthe control,time of put off producing runoff in the grass slope is three times of the slope without grass and velocity of runoff decreased 40%,which led to the increase of infiltration rate and the decrease of ability of runoff scouring and sediment yield in grass slopes.(4) The influence of grassland to runoff depth in slope is not apparent,and the variety of runoff depth is difficult to reflect the action of grass to runoff regulation.However,runoff velocity can be more reflecting the effect of grass on soil and water conservation and runoff regulation.

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to address the relationships among soil type, soil physical properties, soil fertility, soil enzyme activity and soil biomass to Radix astragali plantation, a traditional genuine Chinese herb, inthe Hengshan mountain areas. We collected soil samples from soil profiles over a 2-year period during 2003- 2004. The results suggested that Radix astragali plantation had a pedoecological suitability to the sandy slim soil with high content of organic matter and available K, which is patented from gneiss granite. The luxury absorption to N, K, Fe and Zn resulted in the high content of these nutrients in the underground part, which is very important for traditional genuine Chinese herbs. Analysis for soil enzyme activity showed that it vertically reduced from the upper layer to the down layer with a consistence to the organic matter content. The most composing biomass of the soil was bacteria, and the actinomyces and fungi were respectively less. In this research, the compatibly systemic soil conditions were drafted for large area development of Radix astragali plantation

Abstract:By analyzing the spatial heterogeneity of soil physical-chemical properties,including soil particle sizes,soil moistures,soil salt-contents,pH and soil nutrients for 70 samples from 16 quadrants of the wetlands and surrounding lands in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River,this paper shows that the soil textures of most samples are the sandy loams or silty loams and few samples are loamy sand soils or loamy silt soils.The compositions of the soil particle sizes for different land-uses and vegetations have some differences.The special distributions of the soil moistures present the aridization of the wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River.The solonchak,salinized and alkalized soils with an extensive area represent a significant stress to the plant growth and development.That the levels of the organic matter,total N and P are generally poor indicate the characteristics of the wetlands in the arid area.

Abstract:以退耕黄壤坡地为对照，对18年生黄壤马尾松林地土壤主要物理性质变化进行了系统研究，在此基础上对林地土壤抗蚀性能进行了分析。结果表明：马尾松林地演变为具有复层结构的针阔混交林后，土壤物理性粘粒含量和粉粒含量有所提高，土壤表层粘粒含量和不同层次的砂粒含量降低；土壤容重减小，总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度有一定程度的提高，土壤自然含水量、饱和持水量和毛管持水量增大，林地土壤持水性和透水性得到了提高，土壤结构得到显著改善；林地土壤干筛团聚体以5～2mm大团聚体为主，湿筛团聚体则以1～0．5mm细团聚体为主，且在0～20cm，20～40cm，40～60cm的土壤剖面中均高于对照地。马尾松林地微团聚体变化的总趋势是〉0．01mm的粗粉沙粒级的大团聚体减少，而〈0．01mm的微团聚体含量增加，尤其是0．005～0．001mm的细粉沙粒级；马尾松林地土壤物理性质的变化也综合反映在抗蚀性能方面，在0～20cm，20～40cm，40～60cm三个土壤剖面层次其抗蚀性均高于对照地，表现了良好的水土保持效应。

Abstract:In this study,soil physical and chemical characteristics in different develop stage after artificial vegetation restoration have been researched in Shazhuyu desert control site.The result showed that artificial vegetation restoration have better impact to sandificational soil.With the sand dunes have been fixed,the content of sands reduced gradually,but silt and clay rose;soil organic matter,nutrient and CEC gradually rose;soil pH value had no larger change;calcium carbonate content only rose on top layer.It need a long time for sandificational land evolve into natural soil,so people should deduce artificial influence to sandificational land.

Abstract:在济南市南部山区圣泉寺林场内,以5种人工林为研究对象,对其土壤物理结构和土壤水分特征进行研究,以其为北方石质山区人工林的科学经营与抚育管理提供依据。结果表明:①各种林分的土壤密度、孔隙度和渗透速率等表征土壤水文物理性质的指标明显好于无林地,其中混交林好于纯林,刺楸纯林好于黄连木、栾树纯林。②在旱季和雨季,随着土壤深度的增加,大部分林地土壤含水量呈现递减趋势,其变动幅度小于无林地。③随着土壤深度的增加,各林地土壤饱和持水量逐渐减小;混交林表层土壤蓄水功能最好,其它林分各层次差异较小。混交林对水分的贮蓄和调节能力较强,但各林分供水性能差别不大。在涵养水源和水分有效性方面,混交林优于纯林,纯林中以刺楸大阔叶树种较好,栾树较差。建议在今后的森林经营中,首先考虑营造混交林分,林种组成以刺楸×黄连木较好;若营造纯林以刺楸林分较好。在现有林分的经营管理中,对黄连木和栾树纯林应注重对其地表植被和枯枝落叶层进行保护,对残次林分采取封山育林措施,有条件时尽量改造为混交林。

Abstract:运用土壤粒径质量分布原理与分形理论,对淄川峨庄流域内7种林分和对照荒草地的土壤结构特征进行研究。结果表明:①各种林分的土壤结构明显好于荒草地,不同林分类型中混交林分明显优于单纯林。良好的林分结构能明显提高土壤粒径的分布均匀程度与范围,改善土壤孔隙状况;②分形维数和重量平均直径能比较客观地表征土壤结构特征,是较为理想的土壤结构测定指标。混交林分分形维数均低于单纯林与荒草地,土壤重量平均直径均高于单纯林与荒草坡,说明混交林土壤结构稳定性最好,土壤通透性较好,具有较高的水土保持功能;③不同林分类型之间,土壤总孔隙度与非毛管孔隙度差异较大,而毛管孔隙度的差别较小。表明具有良好结构的林分,可有效改善土壤非毛管孔隙度和滞留贮水功能,从而有效地提高对降雨的快速贮存以及蓄洪与涵养水源作用。

Abstract:The exploitation of water and soil resources is always the core problem of oases agriculture development.This paper studied and analysed the succession process of soil characteristic along the latitude in the Manas river.The result showed that from mountain region to the desert,the soil nutrient is shown from high to low,among them the obvious downward trend appears in the organic content.At the same time,the salt in the layer of soil has experienced from low to high then to low.In the alluviation fan and the top of alluvial plain,the soil salt form gathering is strong,that is to say,the content of salt relatively high in the layer of soil,but reduced in the bottom of soil.At the bottom of valley,the salt content increase from upper and bottom of soil,especially at the desert edge,this kind of trend is more obvious.Differentiation of soil characteristic was exited in mountain-basin system,and agriculture development should follow this rule.At last,the direction on the reasonable exploration and efficiency utilization of water and soil were put forward.

Abstract:于1996～2002年在新疆4个主要棉区，采集21个点的主要类型耕层土壤，应用土壤养分状况系统研究法，根据土壤分析、吸附试验和盆栽试验的结果确定试验方案，阐述了新疆主要棉区土壤养分状况的差异性、土壤主要养分限制因子和氮磷钾肥对棉花的增产效益，结果表明：氮、磷是棉田土壤养分的第一、第二限制因子，钾和锌已成为新疆棉田土壤养分的限制因子或潜在限制因子，硼和锰各地表现不同，其主要养分的平均缺乏顺序为N〉P〉K〉Zn〉B〉Mn。施用氮肥、磷肥和钾肥对棉花的增产效益分别为1．62kg／kgN，1．85kg／kgP2O5和2．71kg／kgK2O。

Abstract:通过田间试验研究不同施氮量与灌水量对春玉米和冬小麦田土壤中硝态氮分布与累积的影响,结果表明,春玉米收获后0~2 m土壤中累积硝态氮185.7~748.0 kg/hm2,其中1 m以上占57.9%~70.1%。由于施用氮肥而增加的硝态氮占施N量的1.8%(N 112.5 kg/hm2),50.7%(N 225 kg/hm2),56.7%(N 337.5 kg/hm2)和77.0%(N450 kg/hm2)。不施N和施N 112.5 kg/hm2时春玉米田土壤剖面没有明显累积峰;施N等于或高于225 kg/hm2时在60~80 cm土层有明显累积峰,施氮量高的峰值较高;施N 450 kg/hm2时在120~140 cm深度出现另一个累积高峰。冬小麦收获后土壤0~2 m硝态氮累积量为74.9~328.8 kg/hm2,其中1m以上占67.8%~90.7%。由于施用氮肥而增加的硝态氮占施N量的19.5%(N 112.5 kg/hm2),35.6%(N 225 kg/hm2),58.9%(N 337.5 kg/hm2)和56.4%(N 450 kg/hm2)。冬小麦田收获后土壤深层(1~2 m)没有明显的硝态氮累积,即使施氮量高达450 kg/hm2时也只在表层40 cm以上累积较多。不论是春玉米还是冬小麦,当生育期施氮量大于225 kg/hm2时0~2 m土层均有明显的硝态氮累积,施氮量高的累积量较高。施氮量是造成土壤中硝酸盐累积的主要因素,灌水量对春玉米田硝态氮的向下迁移有显著影响。

Abstract:Differentiation of phosphorus in calcareous vegetable cultivated soil profiles with long-term vegetable cultivation influenced the uptake of other nutrient elements and also output and quality of vetetables. The objective of this study was to illustrate the variational characteristics of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, different forms of inorganic phorphous, and the relationships between the distribution of different phosphorus forms and other soil properties. The results showed that the enrichments of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, inorganic and organic phosphorus in vegetable cultivated soil profiles were more intensive than that of the grain crop cultivated soils. The significant positive correlations between the available inorganic forms of phosphorus and the vegetable cultivated time was found. The difference of the vertical distribution of various inorganic phosphorus fractions between vegetable cultivated soil profile and grain crop cultivated soil profile was also significant. The content of Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Fe-P enriched intensively in surface soil and reduced sharply downwards from the surface horizon. Significant correlations between the content of various phosphorus forms and other soil properties such as the content of organic matter and the changes of CaCO3 content and soil pH. As the vegetable cultivated time prolonged, the changes of these soil properties accelerated the transformation of available phosphorus from insoluble phosphate minerals.

Abstract:The soybean experiment was conducted in pot with calcareous soil in north China.By the design method of complete random block.The result had shown that its function was obviously different in different phosphorus form soils.The Psolubilizing ability was low in the poor available phosphate soil.Phosphorus bacteria fertilizer couldn't improve the content of available phosphate in rich available phosphate soil.But the P-solubilizing ability was best in rich sparingly soluble phosphate soil.As were shown by the followings: Phosphorus bacteria fertilizer could decrease the content of sparingly soluble Ca_(10)-P and alleviate-soluble Ca_8-P,and increase the content of Ca_2-P and Al-P inthe poor available phosphate soil and in the rich sparingly soluble phosphate soil.So it increased the content of soil available phosphate.But in the rich available phosphatesoil wheather using phosphorus bacteria fertilizer or not had little effect to various inorganic phosphorus forms.

Abstract:通过室内盆载试验研究不同氮肥品种对砖红壤中钾素淋溶特征的影响,结果表明,不同氮肥品种处理的渗漏液中,K 浓度大小顺序为复混肥b>碳铵≈尿素>复混肥a;对各处理渗漏液中K 淋溶量Yt随时间t的变化用7种方程进行拟合,其中对照、碳铵和复混肥b处理中,K 淋溶量可以用二级动力学方程1/Y=a b/t来描述,尿素和复混肥a处理,以抛物线方程Yt1/2=a bt拟合效果较好;从渗漏液中K 累计淋溶量来看,复混肥b>碳铵≈尿素>复混肥a,且各处理中种植玉米均能显著减少K 累计淋溶量;最后对土壤剖面中速效钾含量进行分析,结果显示,种植玉米处理中在25 cm处有累积效应,且稍高于对应的休闲处理。

Abstract:对沈阳市大民屯镇蔬菜生产基地温室番茄栽培条件下土壤交换性盐基离子组成变化的研究表明，使用5年和11年温室0～30cm土层的土壤交换性K平均含量分别是其相邻露地菜田的4．1倍和8．7倍。由于土壤交换性K含量的增加，交换性K与盐量总量的比值随温室使用年限增加而显著增加，而Ca＋Mg与盐基总量的比值随温室使用年限增加而显著降低。土壤水溶性与交换性Ca、Mg、K之间、水溶性阳离子总量与交换性盐基离子及总量之间具有极显著的相关关系（P〈0．01），表明温室土壤交换性盐基组成是土壤水溶性盐分积累的一个主要影响因素。与露地菜田相比，高量施肥条件下温室土壤交换性K含量的显著增加是交换性盐基组成及盐基离子之间比值变化的一个主要特征。

Abstract:The field experiments were conducted at Yuli county of Xinjiang in 2004 from Apr. to Oct. It is tound that in south Xinjiang, in cotton seedling stage, because of covering the function of the membrane, the salt in soil begin the dividing area, the salt is gathered strongly in 0-20 cm in uncovered area, and the salt of soil under film had taken place side direction transport and move to the uncovered area which have aggravated the salt of uncovered area even more. After cotton growing stage finishing, the salt of 0- 60 cm layers have increased, and assembled sharply in the uncovered area in 0-20 cm layers; The salt of lower water treats enhanced greater,the ration of salt accumulation reached 94.5%,which mainly come from the salt that moving up water carried on, up to 57 % of increased salt,and the salt increased of higher irrigation treats mainly come from the salt irrigation water carrying on, was about 81%, so adding irrigating water can decreased the accumulation of salt in a certain extent.

Abstract:The method of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA) was employed to determine the changes of abscisic acid(ABA),indoleacetic acid(IAA),gibberellin(GA_3) and zeatin(iPA) contents in flue-cured tobacco roots and leaves under osmotic stress.The results showed that leaf water potential declined and leaf protein content increased under osmotic stress.It was also found that the content of ABA and iPA in the roots and leaves was increased and that of IAA and GA_3 was decreased significantly.Lower leaf water potential and ABA content and higher content of protein and IAA,GA_3,iPA in the leaves of plants treated with solute osmotic potential at-0.5 MPa was observed as compared to those with solute osmotic potential of-0.25 MPa.Moreover,the time was shorter for the former treatment when iPA content in roots and ABA content in leaves reached the peak,while GA_3 concentration in roots declined to the valley.However,the changes of the other indices in roots and leaves were synchronous.The results also showed that the decrease of IAA and GA_3 content in the roots was more significant and the increase of ABA content was more rapid as compared with the leaves at the early stress stage(6 h).It suggested that the response of endogenous phytohormones in flue-cured tpbacco roots to osmotic stress was more susceptible than that in the leaves.

Abstract:The characters of mineral nutrition uptake and efficiency of tiller production in upland rice were studied with pond culture experiment.The results indicated that: the soil moisture remarkably influenced N,P,K nutrition uptake.With the improvement of the content of soil moisture,the mineral nutrition uptake amount improves notably.During the early tillering stage,the nutrition absorption amount of N,P and K at 65% soil moisture were 74.1%,43.9% and 50.8% of 100% soil moisture respectively,and at later tillering stage,the N,P and K absorption amount of 65% were 41.4%,18.6% and 27.5% of 100%.The maximum efficiency of tiller production with mineral nutrition was 85% of soil moisture,the mineral nutrition of N,P and K tillering productive efficiency of 85% were 35.7%,140% and 81.8% more than 100%,respectively.The mean tillering productive efficiency were P>K>N.

Abstract:在池栽条件下研究了不同水分处理对早稻吸收氮磷钾及分蘖生产效率的影响。结果表明：土壤水分对早稻吸收N、P、K矿质元素有明显影响。随着土壤水分含量的提高，植株对矿质元素的吸收量显著提高。在分蘖初期，65％水分处理的植株对N、P、K的吸收量分别只有100％的74．1％，43．9％和50．8％，而在分蘖后期，则分别只有100％的41．4％，18．6％和27．5％。早稻矿质元素的分蘖生产效率以在85％土壤含水量时最高，其N、P、K的平均分蘖生产效率分别比100％高35．7％，140％和81．8％。平均分蘖生产效率表现为P〉K〉N。

Abstract:利用城市雨水资源补给地下水，不仅可以控制城市非点源污染，还能补充日益匮乏的地下水资源。但对雨水中污染物的控制，是利用雨水人工补给地下水技术中最棘手的问题。针对这一问题，提出利用人工土壤层处理雨水径流的方案，研究了雨水在土壤层中的净化规律，得出土砂比参数为5：1；渗透厚度为1m的人工土壤层能去除雨水径流中大部分污染物（COD），对雨水径流中的微量污染物N，P和重金属等也具有显著的去除效果。

Abstract:在亚热带丘陵区茶园通过连续4a的大田对比试验，研究了覆盖与间作对茶园土壤水分供应和其他生态因子的调控效果以及对茶叶品质、产量的影响。结果表明：茶园土壤含水量具有明显的时空变化特征，其年动态变化可分为饱和稳定期（2～6月）、急剧下降期（7～10月）和逐步回升期（11月至次年1月）3个时期，与茶树的全年生长发育时期（春茶采摘期、夏秋茶采摘期及休眠越冬期）的需水规律非常吻合；随着土层的加深，茶园土壤的含水量逐渐增大，变异幅度减小，在高温干旱和持续干旱时期，各层次的水分含量均呈下降趋势，0～20cm的表土层下降趋势明显，20～40cm，40～60cm土层下降缓慢，且滞后效应非常明显，分别滞后了8d和13d；间作白三叶和稻草覆盖对茶园土壤水分供应状况的调控效果表现为：提高了关键土层（0～20cm）和关键时期（4～10月春夏秋茶采摘期）的土壤水分，延缓和缩短了干旱时间；同时加强了茶园生态系统的自我调控能力，最终促进了茶树的生长，改善了茶叶品质，提高了茶叶产量，清耕、白三叶间作和稻草覆盖的产量分别为149．08g／m^2，199．75g／m^2和188．12g／m^2，其中以间作白三叶的效果更好。

Abstract:The water conservation capacity of different vegetation types are studied in the sandy sea coastal areas.The results show the follows: there are significant differences between the soil physical properties and the water conservation capacities among vegetation types.The mixed forests have higher water conservation capacity and better soil physical property improving.The total water-holding capacities of the mixed Pinus thunbergii and Amorpha fruitcosa forest,the mixed Pinus thunbergii and Robinia pseudoacacia forest,the mixed Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima forest,the pure Pinus thunbergii forest and Meadow are 1 973.97 t/hm~2,1 760.95 t/hm~2,1 727.44 t/hm~2,1 638.60 t/hm~2 and 1 413.04 t/hm~2 respectively.Among them,the water-holding capacities of soil take up more than 97% of the total,while that of the litter are 15.3 t/hm~2,22.15 t/hm~2,43.42 t/hm~2,11.27 t/hm~2 and 9.4 t/hm~2 respectively.Therefore the mixed forest of arbor and shrub should be cultivated in the region in plantation practice in the future.

Abstract:对金沙江流域6种不同林分土壤物理性质、凋落物持水量以及林地土壤贮水性能等进行了研究。结果表明，不同林分的土壤物理性质及其水源涵养功能差异明显。在相同的立地条件下，圣诞树纯林和混交林具有更好的维持地力作用和更高的水源涵养功能。依据林地总贮水量的大小，6种林分最大蓄水量大小依次为圣诞树纯林（2851．8t／hm^2）〉华旱混交林（2478．9t／hm^2）〉云华混交林（2432.4t／hm^2）〉云南松纯林（2142．8t／hm^2）〉华山松纯林（1851．8t／hm^2）〉旱冬瓜纯林（1620．3t／hm^2）。

Abstract:以夏津县黄泛沙地130 m×260 m的农田防护林网为研究对象,对林网内外的风速、空气温度、空气湿度、土壤温度、土壤湿度及水面蒸发进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:农田防护林具有改善小气候的功能,可以降低风速,增加空气湿度和土壤湿度,调节空气温度和土壤温度,减小水面蒸发,防风固沙,减少土壤风蚀量,林网内3 H~5 H处的防护效应最好。

Abstract:Ridge tillage is a kind of conservation tillage for water harvesting and drought resistance,which is used widely in the rainfed cropland of the semi-arid sandy areas.Through field test of rape planting,the seasonal dynamic variation of soil moisture and aboveground biomass under flat tillage and ridge tillage with different structures were observed,and the theoretical and real yields of rape were also analyzed.The results indicate that compared with flat tillage,ridge tillage increased soil moisture of the plow layer between 3.5% and 12.2%,decreased its fluctuation in the growing season of rape,altered its distribution in the perpendicular profile,and located wetting front in the plow layer,which were convenient for the rape to absorb soil moisture and were positive to alleviate drought stress on rape growth.During the telophase of rape growing season,accumulated rate of dry matter,aboveground biomass,the number of pods per plant and TKW under ridge tillage were larger than flat tillage.However, the lower plant density under ridge tillage with unreasonable structure may cause the decrease of theoretical and real yields of rape.With 25 cm high,1/24 the ratio between ridge height and furrow width,ridge tillage T4 not only had the ecological function of harvesting water and resisting drought disaster,but also enhanced the growth and yield of the rape more obviously.So it is a kind of more suitable cultivation method for rape plant in the semi-arid area.

Abstract:The buffering characters of loessial soil to applied As of which is different concentrations,and their dynamic variety regulations with equilibrium time and pollutant concentrations was studies.It clarifies the relations between equilibrium time and buffering rate of loessial soil to As.It establishes the equations of buffering dynamics for loessial soil to As,and provides basis for accurate evaluation polluting-purifying ability of loessial soil to As.

Abstract:A comparism of plasma membrane response to Al~(3 ) stress between polygonaceae plants(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench,Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don) Hara,Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.Et Zucc.,Polygonum pubescens Bl.) and gramineae plants(Oryza sativa L.,Triticum aestivum L.) was studied under controlled conditions with quartz sand culture.The results summarized as follows: Proline content,MDA content and membrane permeability in six plant species enhanced with increased Al~(3 ) concentration.Al~(3 ) triggered the evolution of proline in gramineae plants much higher than in polygonaceae plants,MDA content and membrane permeability were at a higher rate in Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don) Hara than in the other four plant species.During the same period,the SOD and POD activity in leaf both increased in Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and Triticum aestivum L.,while decreased both in Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.Et Zucc.and Oryza sativa L.SOD and POD activity in Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara and Polygonum pubescens Bl.raised with an increased of Al~(3 ) firstly(25 mg/L Al~(3 )),and then declined despite Al~(3 ) stressed concentration(100 mg/L Al~(3 )) still intensified.It was concluded that the change of membrane permeability in polygonaceae plants was a kind of cell damaged mechanism caused by oxidative stress with Al~(3 ),while in gramineae plants was a kind of defensive mechanism.

Abstract:Ecological restoration is the development of eco-construction of soil and water conservation.Based on analysis of characteristic of soil erosion,progress,tendency of eco-restoration research,and existing problems,this paper presented the further research area on eco-restoration of soil and water conservation including potential and driving factors of eco-restoration,configurations of different scales eco-restoration,technical measures and standards of eco-restoration,healthy assessment of ecosystem of watershed scale,impact of soil and water conservation on eco-hydrological process,vegetation succession,bio-diversity and agricultural economy.

Abstract:The landscape structure in west Jilin province has undergone great change, and consequently the ecology and environment has been deteriorating. It is significant to study on the landscape dynamics and responses of ecological security to it, By the use of the software of ARCGIS, dynamic changes of the landscape gradients, landscape structure, conversion processes of the landscape gradients and responses of ecological security were studied after the collection of the land use data from the study area during long term. It showed that landscape elements had experienced great change; Fragmentation of landscape was increasing and connectivity were cut down; Agricultural policy and demands were the major driving force, the change of hydrology and environmental factors also played an increasingly important role in landscape dynamics. Irrational landscape changes brought serious problems of ecological security, The paper provided suggestions for further research on responses of ecological security to landscape dynamics.

Abstract:The eco-environment is sensitive and fragile in Jinghe river channels,which is closely influenced by the special natural environment of the area.The society and economy greatly developed in the last decade of the 20th century.However,the heavy activities of human beings aggravated the burden of the eco-environment,which can be characterized by the land deterioration,soil erosion and the increase frequency of natural hazards(debris flow and landslide) etc.This paper focused on the LUCC,and explained the quantities,inner structure,types and spatial distribution features of the dynamic changes in Longdong loess plateau in fifteen years.Furthermore,the driving forces of the LUCC were analyzed in detail.The conclusions were: All the land-use types were decreased more or less except construction land and grassland.The cultivated land area was decreased by 20 691 hm~2,which changed mainly into construction land and had the high quality with the plain location.The woodland area was decreased,which changed mainly into grassland,arid land and construction land,and the area of the forest land was decreased by 12 269 hm~2.The construction land area was increased by 9 278.8 hm~2 in fifteen years;the area of the grassland was increased,which came mainly from the conversion of the woodland and the arid land.The driving force of the LUCC in Longdong loess plateau were the economic development,the pressure of the increase of population,adjustment of the macro policy and the construction of the three gorges project.

Abstract:The paper studies succession of energy on modern agro-ecosystem as a case in Quzhou county,Hehei province,and the result indicates as follow: the energy input and output annually presents the increasing trend with chemic-petrolic energy being main in energy input structure and the utilization of groundwater being main in the input of the increasing environmental resource;total energy output structure becomes gradual planting output energy being leading into the integration of farming and animal husbandry with the development of forestry andfishery,besides the variety is reducing to farming and animal husbandry;the development of agriculture is in better level and hold better potential,but the increment on efficiency of energy output decreases with systemic structure being unreasonable and the decreasing predominance degree of the system,it is main reason that the proportion of forestry and fishery energy output is lower.

Abstract:The development of characteristic agriculture in the country of western China was discussed on 4 aspects of regional superiority, merchandise economy, market demand and service system. It was considered that regional superiority is the base of characteristic agricultural development, the products of characteristic agriculture should have obvious advantages both in yield and in quality, especially in quality; merchandise economy is the fundamentality of characteristic agricultural development, the products of characteristic agriculture should be green products, and have more stronger market competition, market capacity corresponding scale, and brand benefit; market demand is the key of characteristic agricultural development, market demand could be expanded and created by developing deep processing largely, market risk could be avoided by having consciousness of market risk and enhancing the analysis and judgment of market, market risk could be resisted by establishing risk sharing system between industry organizations and farmers, exploring business insurance system of agricultural production risk, perfecting price protection and subsidy system of agricultural products, and setting up risk fund system of agricultural products; Service system is the keystone of characteristic agricultural development, it include production, processing, storage, transportation and distribution of agricultural products, the technical service, information service and distribution service should be strengthened.

Abstract:There are water quality changes both the reservoir and downstream after hydropower projects construction.Analysis of these changes have important significant in assessing effects of hydropower projects on the aquatic ecosystem and riparian ecosystem.This paper investigates temporal-spatial characteristic of Lancangjiang River water quality along the middle reaches through river section monitoring and sample analyses selecting several representative indices including metals taking Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd for example,NH_3-N and P(total phosphorus and/or PO_4-P) in the past more than ten years.Results showed that after dams built spatial heterogeneity of metals was more evident than before along the whole middle reaches and not evident along certain reservoir.Moreover,ATUs(Acute Toxic Units) that could assess the changes of metal factors were lower than before and became lower and lower along the middle reaches.Adversely,temporal distribution of metal factors besides NH_3-N and P were more homogeneous.NH_3-N and P concentrations in reservoirs were higher whose maximums were tested at site about several kilometers downstream from the dam.There were increasingly eutrophicating after dams built.It was concluded that hydropower projects construction dominantly effected the spatio-temporal distributions of water quality.

Abstract:After the project of transferring ecological water at the lower reaches of Tarim river in recently years, water flow into Taitema lake, groundwater level along Tarim river rose. Correspondingly, the vegetation health improved in this region. For the purpose of improving environment for a long time at the lower reaches of Tarim river, discuss river improvement, include river dredging and ecological sluices. For the purpose of solving downstream water interception and ecological environment problems in Tarim river basin, it is necessary to implement river dredging project in Daxihaizi reservoir downstream. It have three water conveyance way to choice, through comparing investment, land, construction, management and flood control, select a new built outlet sluice scheme in main dam of Daxihaizi reservoir. The scheme is feasible in economy and technology. According to the principle of vegetation water demand along lower reaches of Tarim river and reasonable ecological sluices number, analyse and protective vegetation area, discuss ecological water transport ways and open order of ecological sluices gate.

Abstract:Water resources shortage and ecological environment deterioration are major restricted factor for social and economic development of the Yellow River estuary.By analyzing the status of water resources utilization,water and sediment characteristics and ecological environment,the main problems of water resources and ecological environment in the Yellow River estuary are pointed out,the roots of which are analyzed,and countermeasures and suggestions are also put forward.

Abstract:Effects of different irrigations on paste properties of starch of winter wheat were studied under rain sheltered pot-culture condition with two cultivars,Yumai 34(a strong gluten wheat) and Yumai 50(a weak gluten wheat).The results indicated that the major paste parameters were significantly different at 0.01 levels between two gluten cultivars.BD and PT of Yumai 34 were lower than that of Yumai 50,and the other paste parameters of Yumai 34 were higher than Yumai 50.Water regulating had strong effect on paste properties of starch of two cultivars.The paste properties of starch of Yumai 50 with 4 irrigations and one irrigation of heading were better and that with one irrigation of jointing was bad.That of Yumai 34 with one irrigation were better and with 4 irrigations were bad,and it was not significantly different between one irrigation of jointing and heading.Correlation among paste parameters of starch of two cultivars were analyzed.That of Yumai 50 among major parameters was significantly correlative but that of Yumai 34 was not significant.It was more possible to improve starch quality of Yumai 50 than Yumai 34 by cultivation.

Abstract:Effects of S-3307(Uniconazole) application on amount to content of protein components and processing quality of wheat grain were studied in more rain and low light stress environment.The results showed that increase application of S-3307 significantly improved content of protein components by different extent.Rations of albumin and globulin to total protein increased significantly,about which B2 was the best,and rations of gliadin and glutein increased with the increase of concentration.Application of S-3307 significantly increased WGC and SDS,prolonged DDT and DST,and improved its WA,increased VV,and subsequently improved the processing quality of wheat grains.

Abstract:采用室内分根营养液培养及PEG模拟水分胁迫的方法,研究不同氮素形态(NH4 -N、NO3--N、NH4 -N/NO3--N比为50/50)对水稻局部根系遭遇水分胁迫后的生物学响应状况。结果表明,在非水分胁迫的条件下,供应NO3--N营养相对促进分蘖期水稻的根系发育,而供应NH4 -N营养相对促进分蘖期水稻的地上部发育;在局部根系受到水分胁迫的条件下,NH4 -N和NO3--N混合营养水稻生物量增量分别比全NO3--N和全NH4 -N营养水稻高31.7%和37.7%,其中地上部生物量增量也分别比全NO3--N和全NH4 -N营养水稻高33.5%和33.2%。全NO3--N营养水稻未受水分胁迫一侧根系生物量的增量明显高于另一侧受水分胁迫的根系生物量的增量,且明显高于两侧根系均未受水分胁迫的相同供氮形态营养的水稻单侧根系生物量的增量;而全NH4 -N以及NH4 -N和NO3--N混合营养水稻未受水分胁迫一侧根系和受水分胁迫的根系生物量增量之间没有明显差异,但均高于两侧根系均未受水分胁迫的相同供氮形态营养的水稻,为NH4 -N营养提高水稻抗旱能力提供了证据。

Abstract:为了大面积利用再生水灌溉，加大污水资源化力度，确保高质量的都市草坪，在永乐店试验站进行了不同灌溉水源灌溉草坪的试验研究。试验采用3种水源灌溉盆栽草坪：清水灌溉；清水和再生水1：1混合灌溉；再生水灌溉。各处理的灌水时间、灌水次数相同。试验结果表明：再生水灌溉在一定程度上能提高草地早熟禾出苗率，与清水适宜灌相比出苗率提高达29％，能获得较为密致的草坪，确保草坪细腻的质地。当外界气温较高时，与清水灌溉处理相比，再生水灌溉会促使草坪草叶片细胞膜透性、过氧化氢酶活性及脯氨酸含量增大；当外界气温转低时，水质对生理生化指标影响减弱，而温度成为影响草坪草生理生化指标的主导因素。

Abstract:A experiment was done to study the relation between biological factors and nutrients in soil in an artificial fruit-grass ecosystem. The result showed, except total P was negatively correlated with cellulose-decomposing bacterium,cellulolytic enzyme,polyphenol oxidase, the other nutrients were positively correlated with all biological factors, in addition, most of the nutrients were significantly or extremely significantly correlated with biological factors. After the pathway analysis was done between soil nutrients and biological factors, the conclusion was reached, the urease,silicate bacterium,cellulolytic enzyme werethe main biological factors of deposit of organic matter; invertase was the most important factor affecting the rapidly available nutrients of N, P, K; the catalase, polyphenol oxidase, cellulose-decomposing bacterium selectively affected the deposit of organic matter and the forming of the rapidly available nutrients of N, P, K.

Abstract:Soil basal respiration,soil biomass carbon,metabolic quotient are important indexes of soil microbiological,they relate to physical-chemical character of soil.The dehydrogenase activity is the important sensitivity index of microbial community and activity on soil.Different added lead concentration ranging from 200 mg/kg to 1 200 mg/kg effect on soil basal respiration,soil biomass carbon,metabolic quotient and dehydrogenase activity.The experiment was studied in house incubated soil samples.The results showed as follows: soil biomass carbon decrease with extend incubated times.Soil basal respiration was increased with increased concentration of lead.Soil metabolic quotient were changed with different incubated time.Soil dehydrogenase significantly decrease under lead stress.The correlation analysis indicated that soil added lead content different correlation with soil biomass carbon,dehydrogenase activity in different incubation times.

Abstract:Based on different tillage patterns experiment,the maize yield and soil nitrate accumulation have been studied in areas of wheat and maize a year in north China plain.The results showed that the highest yield pattern is plough and the lowest yield pattern is no till.Compared with seedling time,the nitrate content of plough on harvest time was decreased 66.6% from 0 to 180 cm,the rotary tillage was decreased 21.7% and the no tillage was decreased 20.9%.The accumulation peak is related with nitrate leaching loss.There are different nitrate accumulation peak under different tillage pattern,the plough accumulation peak is downmost,whereas no tillage is no accumulation peak.The tillage pattern will be the important approach to the nitrate leaching loss.

Abstract:以黑龙江省海伦黑土地区的农田长期（1985～2003年）定位试验土样为材料，对不同施肥处理土壤有机质含量、土壤全氮进行了系统研究。结果表明，长期无肥处理土壤有机质含量、全氮含量最低；长期施用氮肥、氮磷肥、有机肥处理土壤有机质含量、全氮含量居中；有机肥与化肥配合施用比无肥处理可显著提高有机质水平，增加土壤全氮含量。各处理C／N比值在9．91～13．10之间变动。

Abstract:采用第二次土壤普查资料,研究了安徽省不同土地类型表层土壤的有机碳密度和碳库的特点。结果表明,安徽省平均有机碳密度为(31.64±16.39)tC/hm2,林地土壤表层有机碳密度高于全省表层土壤平均有机碳密度,旱作土壤表层有机碳密度则低于全省平均值。有机碳密度的大小顺序为:林地>水稻土耕层>旱地。安徽省表层土壤有机碳储量分布也表现为:林地>水稻土>旱地。表层土壤有机碳总量达0.28 Pg,其中林地占50%,水稻土占23%,而旱地只占18%。因此,人为利用特点是区域土壤碳库和碳密度的主要影响因素。分析表明:林地、水稻土和旱作土壤表层有机碳量与总氮之间的相关系数(R2)均大于0.78,农田土壤粘粒含量与土壤有机碳固定也有一定关系。

Abstract:To the problem of different profile morphological characteristics("flat type"section and "wave type" section) under continuous cultivation of corn formed under different tillage conditions have significant influence to corn yield in Songliao plant,this paper systemically studied moisture characteristics and influences under different profile morphological characteristics.The results show that: "flat type" section has better soil structure and appropriate pore ratio,which improved the soil permeability,reduced soil erosion.The corn water-consumption of "wave type" section cultivated horizon is bigger than that of "flat type" section.Soil water could appear shortage in "wave type" section,especially in the post period.Through measuring rainfall contents of growing the season,the rain of the "flat type" section is slightly surplus,but that of the "wave type" section is shortage.Therefore,"wave type" section cultivated horizon may occur drier phenomenon much easier than "flat type" section.This may be the main reason why drier phenomena easily happen in the black soil.Under this kind of the phenomena,corn growth excessive depends on the rainfall of a year,and it will appear the high motion to the year's yield.