[ Objective ] Soil preparation is a key measure in agricultural production in hilly and mountainous areas. It is of great significance to clarify the response relationship between the change of soil properties after soil preparation and the spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture in the field for improving the efficiency of agricultural production.[ Method ] Two typical land preparation measures of horizontal and reverse slopes in hilly and mountainous areas of Guangxi were taken as the research objects. The field radar detection experiment was combined with the indoor soil analysis experiment, and the effects of land preparation measures on the variation characteristics of soil moisture in sloping farmland were discussed in depth by means of image analysis and statistical analysis. [ Result ] Under the same external water supply conditions, the spatial variation of soil moisture after horizontal soil preparation significantly occurred in the range of 0-30 cm soil depth. The reverse slope preparation was concentrated in the range of 20-40 cm soil depth, and the slope farmland ran through the whole range of 0-50 cm soil depth. The spatial distribution of soil moisture in the field of horizontal soil preparation was the strongest ( average deviation degree was 0.0519 ), and the change degree of soil preparation on the reverse slope was the weakest. The spatial movement of soil moisture in the field of horizontal land preparation was stable ( reflection coefficient 0.33, instantaneous power change rate 8.41×10_¹¹ dB/ns ) and relatively uniform ( radar structure similarity index 0.78 ), while the degree of soil moisture movement in the field of reverse slope land preparation and slope farmland was relatively intense, and the spatial movement state changed greatly. The spatial variation of soil moisture in slope farmland was the largest ( comprehensive index 1.45 ), followed by reverse slope preparation ( comprehensive index 1.53 ), and the spatial variation of soil moisture in horizontal preparation was the smallest ( comprehensive index 1.57 ), and the soil moisture environment was relatively stable. Compared with slope farmland, the soil silt content after soil preparation has the greatest influence on the spatial variation of soil moisture. [ Conclusion ] Under the same external water supply environment, the soil moisture condition in the field after horizontal and reverse slope land preparation is better than that in the slope farmland, and the soil moisture storage condition in the field after horizontal underground preparation is relatively better.