[Objective]To investigate the effects of the typical ecological management model of "upward retreat and downward push" on soil-microbial C, N and P and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in loess hilly areas.[Methods] In this study, typical land use types (artificial forest land, terrace, and Chuanland) in the loess hilly area of Ningxia were selected to study the response of soil-microbial C, N and P contents to land use changes and to analyze the ecological stoichiometric ratios, microbial entropy (qMBC, qMBN, and qMBP), and stoichiometric imbalances (C:Nimb, C:Pimb, and N:Pimb) among the Relationship.[Results] (1) Under the three typical land use types, SOC, C:P and N:P in artificial forest land were higher than those in terraced and Chuanland, while TP content in agricultural land (terraced and Chuanland) was higher than that in artificial forest land. (2) The contents of soil microbial biomass C, N and P ranged from 51.56 to 133.19, 7.97 to 21.98, and 4.63 to 12.81 mg/kg, respectively. Among them, soil microbial biomass C, N and P were in the order of artificial forest land > terrace land > Chuanland. The ratio of microbial biomass C, N, P, C:Nimb, C:Pimb, N:Pimb, had certain characteristics of internal stability, and had no significant difference among different land use types. (3) The three typical land use types have significant effects on microbial entropy, with the qMBC ranking as terraced land > artificial forest land > Chuanland, while the qMBN and qMBP ranking as artificial forest land > terrace land > Chuanland. Combined with RDA analysis, it was concluded that microbial biomass C:P (R2=0.75, p<0.01) and C:Pimb (R2=0.74, p<0.01) were the key factors affecting the change of qMB.[Conclusion] In summary, the typical ecological management mode of "upward retreat and downward push" caused significant changes in soil C, P and microbial C, N and P contents, and the soil-microbial C, N and P and their stoichiometric ratios were mainly influenced by phosphorus under the typical land-use types.