The development of characteristic agriculture in the country of western China was discussed on 4 aspects of regional superiority, merchandise economy, market demand and service system. It was considered that regional superiority is the base of characteristic agricultural development, the products of characteristic agriculture should have obvious advantages both in yield and in quality, especially in quality; merchandise economy is the fundamentality of characteristic agricultural development, the products of characteristic agriculture should be green products, and have more stronger market competition, market capacity corresponding scale, and brand benefit; market demand is the key of characteristic agricultural development, market demand could be expanded and created by developing deep processing largely, market risk could be avoided by having consciousness of market risk and enhancing the analysis and judgment of market, market risk could be resisted by establishing risk sharing system between industry organizations and farmers, exploring business insurance system of agricultural production risk, perfecting price protection and subsidy system of agricultural products, and setting up risk fund system of agricultural products; Service system is the keystone of characteristic agricultural development, it include production, processing, storage, transportation and distribution of agricultural products, the technical service, information service and distribution service should be strengthened.