Differentiation of phosphorus in calcareous vegetable cultivated soil profiles with long-term vegetable cultivation influenced the uptake of other nutrient elements and also output and quality of vetetables. The objective of this study was to illustrate the variational characteristics of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, different forms of inorganic phorphous, and the relationships between the distribution of different phosphorus forms and other soil properties. The results showed that the enrichments of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, inorganic and organic phosphorus in vegetable cultivated soil profiles were more intensive than that of the grain crop cultivated soils. The significant positive correlations between the available inorganic forms of phosphorus and the vegetable cultivated time was found. The difference of the vertical distribution of various inorganic phosphorus fractions between vegetable cultivated soil profile and grain crop cultivated soil profile was also significant. The content of Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Fe-P enriched intensively in surface soil and reduced sharply downwards from the surface horizon. Significant correlations between the content of various phosphorus forms and other soil properties such as the content of organic matter and the changes of CaCO3 content and soil pH. As the vegetable cultivated time prolonged, the changes of these soil properties accelerated the transformation of available phosphorus from insoluble phosphate minerals.