The purpose of this study was to address the relationships among soil type, soil physical properties, soil fertility, soil enzyme activity and soil biomass to Radix astragali plantation, a traditional genuine Chinese herb, inthe Hengshan mountain areas. We collected soil samples from soil profiles over a 2-year period during 2003- 2004. The results suggested that Radix astragali plantation had a pedoecological suitability to the sandy slim soil with high content of organic matter and available K, which is patented from gneiss granite. The luxury absorption to N, K, Fe and Zn resulted in the high content of these nutrients in the underground part, which is very important for traditional genuine Chinese herbs. Analysis for soil enzyme activity showed that it vertically reduced from the upper layer to the down layer with a consistence to the organic matter content. The most composing biomass of the soil was bacteria, and the actinomyces and fungi were respectively less. In this research, the compatibly systemic soil conditions were drafted for large area development of Radix astragali plantation