[Objective] To thoroughly investigate the effects of extreme climate events on the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation in the Qinba Mountain area.[Methods]To this end, using the Qinba Mountain area as an example area, we used 161 meteorological station observations from 1960 to2023 and MOD17A3 dataset from 2001 to 2020, and applied fitted regression, ridge regression and other analytical methods to study the spatial and temporal evolution of the two and to quantify the amount of the contribution of extreme climate indices to the trend of NPP change. [Results](1) the overall development of NPP in the study area is favourable, with an average annual growth rate of 5.02 g C/m2·a. (2) Extreme warm events significantly increase and extreme cold events significantly decrease in the Qinba Mountain area from 1960 to 2023, whereas the changes in extreme precipitation events are not obvious.(3) Changes in the CSDI, ID, TN10p, CDD, R10, R20 and TR have a positive impact on the NPP trends, with the greatest contribution from the TN10p; changes in the Rx5day negatively affected the NPP trends. [Conclusion]The study can provide data or theoretical support for the conservation of terrestrial ecosystems in the Qinba Mountains under the background of climate warming and for coping with extreme climate events.