[Objective] To reveal the spatiotemporal evolution, distribution dynamics, spatial differences, and convergence characteristics of land green use efficiency in resource-based cities, in order to clarify the land use status, optimize the national spatial development pattern, and provide reference for the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. [Methods] Based on data from 114 resource-based cities in China from 2006 to 2020, the spatial and temporal characteristics, distribution dynamics, spatial differences, and convergence features of land green use efficiency in resource-based cities were analyzed using the super efficiency SBM model to measure land green use efficiency, combined with Kernel density estimation, Dagum Gini coefficient, coefficient of variation, and fixed effects model. [Results] (1) Overall, the land green use efficiency in resource-based cities showed a fluctuating upward trend, with an average annual growth rate of 1.363% during the inspection period; From a regional perspective, the land green use efficiency shows a pattern of regional differences in the vast majority of years, with the eastern region>northeast region>central region>western region; From the perspective of growth stages, there is a gradient difference characteristic of regeneration type>maturity type>growth type>decline type; From the perspective of spatial distribution, the land green use efficiency of most resource-based cities is in the middle to low range, and has obvious spatial agglomeration and non-equilibrium characteristics. (2) In terms of dynamic evolution, the core density curves of cities in the overall and various growth stages are fluctuating to the right, with a decrease in the height and an increase in width of the main peak, a significant right tail, and a gradually emerging multi peak shape, indicating an improvement in land green use efficiency. However, there is significant downward pressure, increasing inequality, and exhibiting a certain degree of divergence and polarization. (3) From the perspective of spatial differences, the spatial differences in land green use efficiency within and between resource-based cities at different growth stages are on the rise. Regional differences and overdensity are the two main sources of overall differences. (4) According to the convergence test, during the investigation period, the overall and different growth stages of resource-based cities' land green use efficiency did not converge, indicating that regional differences were expanding. However, at the same time, there is a significant trend of absolute convergence and conditional convergence, that is, the growth rate of land green use efficiency tends to converge and gradually develop towards a steady state. [Conclusion] Scientific understanding of the connotation, scope, and practical value of land green use efficiency, optimizing land use policies, coordinating and adapting to local conditions, and comprehensively improving the land green use efficiency of resource-based cities.