[Objective] The investigation of temporal and spatial variations in soil erosion and its influencing factors in Yunlong County holds immense significance for the advancement of featured agriculture, ecological environment, and soil erosion management in alpine and canyon regions. [Methods] The GIS and RUSLE model were employed to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of soil erosion in Yunlong County from 2000 to 2020. Analyzing the relationship between characteristic agriculture and soil erosion. By considering influential factors such as elevation, slope, annual average rainfall, vegetation coverage, and land use type, the quantitative attribution of soil erosion was examined using a geographic probe model. [Results] (1) During the period from 2000 to 2020, the average erosion modulus in Yunlong County exhibited a decreasing trend across five stages: 1644 t·km-2·a-1, 1085 t·km-2·a-1, 878 t·km-2·a-1, 661 t·km-2·a-1, 467 t·km-2·a-1 respectively. Overall soil erosion shifted from moderate to mild intensity. (2) Over the past 20 years, there has been a significant improvement in the area of soil erosion, with an increase of 48.45%, while the area experiencing soil erosion deterioration only increased by 4.23%. Indicating an overall trend of decline and improvement in erosion grades. (3) Soil erosion in Yunlong County is predominantly concentrated within the elevation range of 2000-2500 m and slopes between 15° -25 °. (4) The soil and water conservation ability of typical agriculture in Yunlong County was as follows: pickled walnut > Chinese herbal medicine under the forest > ecological green tea > Maidiwan pear. (5) The influencing factors for soil erosion in Yunlong County ranked as follows: vegetation cover > altitude > slope > annual average rainfall > land use type, with corresponding q values of 0.4010, 0.1420, 0.1175, 0.1159 and 0.0466 respectively. Notably, the interaction between vegetation cover and slope exhibited the strongest explanatory power at a value of 0.82. [Conclusion] Overall soil erosion in Yunlong County has shown effective improvement over a span of two decades. During this period, there has been a weakening trend in soil erosion accompanied by an increase in vegetation coverage. Future attention should be directed towards monitoring changes in soil erosion within altitudes ranging from 2000-2500 m and slopes between15° -25 ° in Yunlong County while ensuring proper implementation of measures to development featured agriculture and restore microtopography on slopes to mitigate risks associated with further deterioration.