[Objective] To explore the effects of hydropower stations on the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation, clarify the response relationship of vegetation changes to hydropower station construction and climate factors, and provide a reliable scientific basis for regional sustainable development and sustainable operation of hydropower stations. [Methods] In this paper, the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) was used to reflect vegetation change. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used as the computing platform, coupled with ModTrendr algorithm, Theil Sen-MK, contribution degree analysis and partial correlation analysis methods to explore the effects of hydropower stations in the middle reaches of the Jinsha River on the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation during 2000-2022. And analyze the effect of climate in it. [Results] (1) The negative mutations were concentrated from 2011 to 2014, and the mutation area was concentrated in the catchment area. The forward mutation was concentrated in 2015 and 2017, and the mutation area was concentrated within the 5-km buffer zone of the riverbank. The time for vegetation to produce positive response was 1-4 years after impounded water, and the mutation intensity gradually weakened along the riverbank. (2) The vegetation NDVI around each hydropower station presents an overall upward trend (0.0002-0.0028/a), and an upward (gentle) -- downward -- upward trend before, during and after construction; (3) The regional vegetation change is mainly caused by the joint action of human activities (hydropower station construction) and climate change, and the explanation degree is 69.12%. The contribution of human activities is much higher than the contribution of climate change. (4) The partial correlation coefficients of temperature, precipitation and NDVI are -0.28 and -0.29, respectively. The partial correlation coefficients of temperature and precipitation differ greatly in different stages of hydropower station, indicating that hydropower station will affect regional climate. [Conclusion] Hydropower station has a negative impact on vegetation during construction and a positive impact on vegetation after operation. The impact of hydropower station construction on vegetation is higher than that of climate change, and the construction of hydropower station may affect local climate, and the overall correlation between temperature and precipitation and vegetation NDVI decreases.