Abstract: [Objective] The contents of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) along with their stoichiometric ratios, were changed due to the varying nutrient uptake and utilization strategies among various tree species plantations, which in turn affected soil microbial activity. However, whether soil microorganisms adapt to these changes by adjusting their biomass and extracellular enzyme stoichiometric ratios remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the effects of various tree species plantation on soil-microbe-exoenzyme C:N:P stoichiometric ratios and to investigate the correlations among soil-microbe-exoenzyme stoichiometry. [Methods] we conducted an investigation into the contents of C, N and P, as well as microbial biomass C (Cmic), N (Nmic), P (Pmic), and the activities of C (β-1,4-glucosidase + β-D-cellosidase, BG + CBH), N (N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, NAG), and P (acid phosphatase, ACP) acquiring extracellular enzymes for microorganisms at depths 0-40 cm in four native tree species plantations. These plantations include conifers Pinus massoniana, deciduous broad-leaved Liquidambar formosana, evergreen broad-leaved Schima superba, and Elaeocarpus decipiens, located in the hilly region of central Hunan province and share a common soil development and management history. [Results] (1) Different tree species plantations significantly affected soil C, N, P content, microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activity, Cmic:Nmic:Pmic and EEAC:N:P. Cmic:Pmic ratios in the P. massoniana plantations and the L. formosana plantations were significantly higher than those in the S. superba plantations and the E. decipiens plantations, indicating that microorganisms compete with plants for soil available P and a low utilization rate of soil P, especially evident in the L. formosana plantation. NAG and EEAN:P in the S. superba plantations were the highest, suggesting that the microorganism was obviously limited by N. ACP in the E. decipiens forest was higher, EEAC:N and EEAC:P were also higher than those in other tree species plantations, while EEAN:P was the lowest, indicating that the microorganisms were most restricted by C and P. (2) There were no significant correlation between soil C:N:P and microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme C:N:P, while only Cmic:Nmic and EEAC:N, Cmic:Pmic and EEAC:P showed significant negative correlation, indicating no covariance between soil C:N:P and microbial biomass C:N:P. There was a significant positive correlation between soil C:N:P and C:Pimb, a significantly negatively correlation between Cmic:Nmic:Pmic and C:N:Pimb, and a significant positive correlation between C:Nimb and EEAC:N, which confirmed the influence of C, N and P differences between soil and microorganisms on the stoichiometric ratio of extracellular enzymes. (3) Existing biomass of litter layer had significant effects on soil C, N, P content, Pmic, Cmic:Pmic, Nmic:Pmic, BG+CBH, NAG, and EEAC:P. [Conclusion] By influencing the contents of soil C, N and P, plantations composed of different tree species modulated microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity. Microorganisms can adapt to diverse nutrient limitations by regulating their biomass C:N:P ratios and synthesizing specific extracellular enzymes, thereby substantiating the microbial resource allocation theory.