In order to study the effects of soil carbon(C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) content and their eco stoichiometric ratio on soil microbial community structure, soil nutrient-to-metrological ratio and its influence on the characteristics of bacterial communities were systematically measured and analyzed by taking tea gardens in Fuding City, Fujian Province as the research object. The results showed that: (1) The mean contents of C, N, P and K in tea garden soil were 18.39, 1.96, 0.91, 15.57 g/kg, and the mean values of soil C∶N, C∶P, C∶K, N∶P, N∶K, N∶K, were 9.24, 61, 1.24, 3.32, 0.13 and 22.39, respectively. (2) The dominant bacteria in the soil were Paludibaculum, Mycobacterium, and Acidobacteria; the dominant bacteria genera were Paludibaculum, Mycobacterium and Bradyrhizobium, and the composition and structure of bacterial communities in different tea plantations were similar, but the bacterial diversity index was significantly different (p<0.05). (3) The correlation analysis results of soil bacteria and nutrient and their measurement ratio in tea gardens at the genus level showed that K was significantly positively correlated with Thermodesulfovibrio and Gaiella (p<0.01), P was positively correlated with Clostridium, Rhodanobacter, and Geobacter (p<0.001), while N was significantly negatively correlated with Pseudomonas (p<0.01), K was significantly negatively correlated with Kitasatospora and Phenylobacterium (p<0.01). Soil C∶N, C∶P, N∶P, P∶K were significantly positively correlated with Chthoniobacter, Dictyobacter, Paraburkholderia, and Bacillus (p<0.05), and were negatively correlated with Bradyrhizobium, Vicinamibacter, Gaiella, and Pseudomonas (p<0.001). (4) The functional prediction results showed that most of the predicted functions of tea garden bacteria were mainly metabolic activities, which had a positive effect on soil nutrient cycling in tea gardens and improving soil carbon sequestration efficiency through metabolic activities. Therefore, this study is of great significance for the study of soil microbial diversity in tea gardens based on nutrient management.