Vegetation restoration affects soil water content and organic carbon, as well as water conservation and soil carbon sequestration capacity in Bashang region. To ensure the sustainability of vegetation restoration, it is critical to determine the response of soil water content and organic carbon to vegetation restoration for maintaining the ecosystem stability. In this study, the vertical distribution characteristics of soil water and organic carbon in 0—200 cm depths were studied in different vegetation types, including forestland, shrub, farmland and grassland, and the driving factors affecting their variations were also studied. The results showed that: (1) Compared with grassland, vegetation restoration resulted in deep layer soil water deficit, and the deep layer soil water deficit of forestland and shrub was -0.23±0.08 and -0.16±0.05, respectively. (2) Compared with grassland, vegetation restoration increased the soil carbon sequestration, and the soil carbon sequestration effect increased with depth. (3) The carbon-water coupling coordination degree of control grassland was significantly higher than that of other vegetation types (p＜0.05), and was always in carbon-water coordination state. The shallow layer (0—60 cm) of forestland and shrub was in a carbon-water coordination state, while the deep layer (120—200 cm) soil carbon-water coordination degree was only 0.54±0.03 and 0.57±0.04, respectively. (4) Land use was more important for deep layer (120—200 cm) soil organic carbon and soil water variations, while soil texture was a stable factor affecting their variations in the whole soil profile (0—200 cm). It is concluded that the improvement of carbon sequestration effect of vegetation restoration was at the cost of deep soil water deficit, the imbalance of carbon and water could affect the sustainability of regional ecological restoration.