Forest soil and water conservation benefits include water conservation capacity and soil erosion risk. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of stand factors on soil erosion based on slope scale, and further reveal the soil and water conservation benefit mechanism of forest vegetation. Water conservation capacity and soil erosion factors of Pinus taiwanensis forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata forest were calculated by ring knife method and EPIC model. The results showed that:(1) There was no significant difference in soil bulk density of P. taiwanensis forest in vertical section, ranging from 0.66 to 1.10 g/cm³. The bulk density of Chinese fir forest (0.92~1.21 g/cm³) showed that the lower layer (40-80 cm) was greater than the upper layer (0-40 cm). The maximum water holding capacity of the upper layer (0-20 cm) of P. taiwanensis forest was significantly higher than that of C. lanceolata forest. Soil capillary water holding capacity, total porosity, capillary porosity only in 10-20 cm soil layer showed that P. taiwanensis forest was greater than C.lanceolata forest. (2) The range of soil saturated water storage was 51.92~59.07 mm (P. taiwanensis), 48.44~54.78 mm (C. lanceolata), 10-20 cm soil layer of P. taiwanensis was significantly greater than C. lanceolata (59.07 mm>48.87mm, P<0.05, respectively). The maximum water storage capacities of soil were consistent. (3) Only in the 10-20 cm soil layer, the clay content and silt content of P. taiwanensis (0.44%, 15.43%) were significantly higher than those of C. lanceolata (0.19%, 9.6%), and the soil particle size distribution in the other soil layers had no significant difference. (4) The soil sensitivity showed no significant difference between the two stands in the soil depth of 0-80 cm (P>0.05). Based on the above water conservation capacity indicators, it was found that the soil of P. taiwanensis forest had more advantages, but there was no significant difference in soil erosion sensitivity between the two. Planting P. taiwanensis on suitable sites could better play the role of soil and water conservation.