This study aimed to study how phosphorus availability changes during soil reclamation with organic fertilizer and at what level of phosphorus application can different organic fertilizer make crops achieve maximum productivity and enriching the soil resonable. For these reasons, a two-year experiment was conducted at the coal mining collapse test base (Piancheng Village, Xiaoyi city, Shanxi Province), with setting four fertilization types (chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure and fertilizer) and four phosphorus levels of 0, 25, 50 and 100 kg/hm² (pure phosphorus). The results showed that:(1) Different fertilization treatments could significantly increase the yield of corn grain yield. With the increase of phosphorus application, the corn grain yield increased first and then remained unchanged. Through constructing the two-year phosphorus fertilizer effect equation, it was found that the optimal phosphorus application ranges of chemical fertilizer, chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure treatment were 67.54~83.02, 24.91~38.65, 26.10~29.26 and 50.33~58.38 kg/hm², it can be seen that the optimal phosphous application of three organic fertilizer is less than chemical fertilizer treatment. (2) The phosphorus uptake and apparent use efficiency of phosphate fertilizer of maize showed that chicken manure ≥ pig manure>cow manure. The phosphorus uptake of maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of the phosphorus application levels, and the recovery rate of phosphate fertilizer decreased. (3) After continuous fertilization for two years, the depth of soil available P influenced by different fertilization treatments on the reclaimed soil was different. The content of Olsen—P in the 0—60 cm soil layer was significantly increased by the chemical treatment at the dosages of 50 and 100 kg/hm² phosphorus. However, the content of Olsen—P in 0—40 cm soil layer was significantly increased by chicken manure treatment at the dosages of 50 kg/hm² phosphorus, the content of Olsen—P in 0—60 cm soil layer was significantly increased by chicken manure treatment the dosages of 100 kg/hm² phosphorus. The pig manure treatment at the dosages of 50 and 100 kg/hm² phosphorus only significantly increased the content of Olsen—P in the 0—40 cm soil layer, and cow manure treatment only increased the content of Olsen—P in the surface layer. In a word, both the effects of different organic fertilizers on crop growth and soil Olsen—P content showed chicken manure ≥ pig manure>cow manure. In addition, the different amounts of phosphorus was recommended to the newly reclaimed soil for different organic fertilizers, among which chicken manure and pig manure were least, followed by cow manure.