The alpine shrub meadow soils in Zheduo Mountain, Kangding, were studied by the combination of field investigation and indoor analysis, and the principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the erosion durability of soil, in order to explore the differences of soil physical, chemical properties, and erosion durability of soil under different elevations and slope aspects. The results showed that:(1) The variations of soil physicochemical properties in leaching layer were more severe than that of the sedimentary layer, and this change was not affected by the elevation and slope direction. The difference in soil properties between different slopes aspects was mainly dominated by climatic factors. (2) There were significant correlation among soil physical, chemical properties, and erosion durability of soil, erosion durability of soil was mostly affected by agglomerate content and stability; (3) The erosion durability of soil followed the order:3 800 m semi-sunny slope > 4 200 m semi-shady slope > 3 800 m semi-shady slope > 4 200 m semi-sunny slope > 4 000 m semi-sunny slope > 4 000 m semi-shady slope. The three indicators that >0.25 mm air-dried aggregate content, aggregate GMD value, and aggregate fractal dimension D were the best indicators for evaluating soil corrosion resistance in this area. It can be seen that there were obvious differentiation characteristics of soil erosion durability under different elevations and slope aspects. Increasing the content and stability of soil aggregates were the key processes in strengthening erosion durability of soil in this area.