In order to reveal the effects of rubber litter covered on the surface soil physiochemical properties in different slop gradient, a field experiment was conducted. The four experimental treatments included leaf litter covered and litter removed in flat land, leaf litter covered and litter removed in slope land, respectively. The results showed that:(1) The soil water contents in flat land were higher than that in slope land during litter decomposition, moreover, it increased significantly at the treatments of litter covered compared with the treatments of litter removed in the condition of slope land. (2) There was a linear positive correlation between surface soil water content and precipitation, while the equation slop of slope land was larger than the flat land condition. (3) Treatments of litter covered in flat land and slope land increased the pH values by 0.09~0.74 and -0.09~0.47 units, respectively. (4) Total organic carbon, total nitrogen and C/N of treatments of litter covered increased significantly by 6.9%~68.5%,3.0%~44.8%,3.9%~16.2% respectively in flat land and 23.3%~95.0%,3.5%~52.5%,7.6%~27.9% respectively in slope land, compared with these of litter removed, while the increase rate in slope land was greater than that in flat land. (5) Compared with the treatments of litter removed, the treatments of litter covered increased significantly soil available phosphorus contents in slope land condition by 6.2%~48.1%, however, increased significantly soil available potassium contents in flat land by 16.4%~83.3% and in slope land by 12.8%~94.8%. In conclusion, rubber leaf litter covered could alleviate soil acidification, increase the water retention capacity and improve the conditions of soil nutrients.