Through wind tunnel experiment in the Minqin oasis desert region, the soil wind erosion rate and blown sand structure of 0-20 cm in five cropland abandoned for different years were simulated under five wind speeds. The results indicated that mean soil wind erosion rate increased significantly in the cropland abandoned more than 20 years, and the soil wind erosion rates of abandoned 30 and 40 years croplands was 2.40~4.97 times that of other treatments. The exponential functions were found between rate of wind erosion and wind speed in all the five abandoned cropland, and the wind erosion rate increased faster with the increasing of wind speed in 30 and 40 years abandoned cropland. Wind speed of 14 m/s was the significant point for aggravating soil wind erosion. When the wind speed was greater than 14 m/s, soil wind erosion rate of cropland abandoned more than 20 years was significantly higher than that of abandoned within 20 years. In 0-20 cm, there was a negative linear relationship between the rate of sediment transport and the height in the cropland abandoned within 20 years, and negative exponential functions were founded in cropland abandoned 30 or 40 years. The total volume of sand transport in 0-4 cm and sand transport percent between 0-4 cm and 0-20 cm (Q_0-4/Q_0-20) in the cropland abandoned within 20 years were less than those of cropland abandoned more than 20 years. With the increasing of the abandoned years, the content of nonerodible soil particles (aggregates and coarse grits larger than 1mm) in the surface soil layer significantly reduced, and soil wind erosion rate decreased by a negative line function with the increasing of nonerodible soil particles content. Thus abandoned years should be properly reduced in order to increase soil resistance to wind erosion in this region.