Based on the 4 029 soil samples data obtained from the cultivated land, the spatial distribution of soil nutrients (organic matter (OM), available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK) and available phosphorus (AP)) in Taihe county and its influencing factors were analyzed by means of semi variation analysis, autocorrelation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that the contents of OM, AP, AK and AN were 4.40~58.50 g/kg and 1.50~62.80, 12.00~352.00, 29.00~341.00 mg/kg, respectively, and all belonged to the medium variation. The exponential model was the most suitable model for all the studied four soil nutrients. The nugget effect was less than 25%, indicating that the nutrients were mainly affected by structural factors. All nutrient factors showed significant aggregation characteristics. More HH accumulation types were observed than those of Qiaotou, guanxi, guachao and other townships, more LL accumulation types than those of Mashi and Wanhe township. According to correlation analysis and regression analysis, it was known that the factors that had great influence on soil nutrients contents were mainly structural factors such as landform and parent material, and random factors, such as traffic and water conservancy, had a weak influence.