The sedimentary, aqueous phase and suspended particles were collected from 29 landscape waters in the main urban area of Wuhu. The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the samples were measured. The concentration distribution characteristics of PAHs and the correlation with organic carbon (TOC) and black carbon (BC) were also studied. The characteristic ratio method and PMF were used to analyze the source of PAHs in the samples. Effect internal method and risk entropy method were applied to evaluate the ecological risk. The results showed that the PAHs concentrations in sedimentary, aqueous phase and suspended particles, ranged from 43.48 to 6 388.40 ng/g, from 0.08 to 52.23 ng/L, and from 2.46 to 60.46 ng/L, respectively, with the average concentration of 1 307.47 ng/g, 8.60 ng/L, 13.71 ng/L respectively. The correlations between PAHs and TOC and BC were evident, especially in middle and high molecular homologues, and the correlation with BCCr was the most significant. The PAHs of landscape water in Wuhu came mainly from biomass and coal combustion, and partly from the combustion of petroleum substances and oil pollution. The PMF revealed that biomass combustion reached up to 50.66% for sedimentary and 52.51% for suspended particles and aqueous phase. The ecological risk assessment showed that the landscape water in Wuhu was in the middle pollution level, which should be taken seriously. These findings provided the scientific basis for the management of urban water pollution.