Five kinds of soil and water conservation measures in a typical red soil region in Changting County of Fujian Province were studied, the data of slope runoff, sediment yield and rare earth elements(REEs) migration were collected to reveal the benefits soil and water conservation measures on runoff and sediment reduction and rare earth migration resistance . The results showed that: (1) The average annual runoff reduction rates and the average annual sediment reduction rates of five kinds of soil and water conservation measures (the whole slope coverd by grass, closed forest, low-effect masson pine fertilization, mixture of trees with shrubs and herb, enrichment planting masson pine) were 65.41%, 69.29%, 63.42%, 86.19%, 72.59% and 91.87%, 84.21%, 81.54%, 94.13%, and 81.75%, respectively. (2) Under the rainfall, the REEs migration intensity of runoff and sediment were 85.13%, 94.86%, 66.89%, 95.46%, 93.10% and 89.92%, 80.38%, 70.18%, 93.38%, and 92.73% lower than those in control plot under five kinds of soil and water conservation measures, respectively, of which, the peak occurred in in moderate rain. (3) The LREE migration intensity of runoff were 55.68%, 40.38%, 85.76% and 85.94% lower than HREE migration intensity under five kinds of soil and water conservation measures except the whole slope covered by grass, and the HREE migration intensity of sediment were 82.29%, 81.25%, 78.38%, 75.35% and 77.05% lower than LREE migration intensity under 5 five kinds of soil and water conservation measures. In summary, five kinds of soil and water conservation measures have markedly benefits of runoff and sediment reduction and REE resistance, especially for of the mixture of trees with shrubs and herb. The results provide scientific basis and empirical support for making the best use the role of soil and water conservation measures applying in ecological restoration and rare earth migrations.