Through the determination of soil physical and chemical properties and the major elements in soil water and rocks, the principal component multiple regression model was built to investigate the main influencing factors of major elements migration, and their contribution rates were calculated. The results showed that the Mg and Ca content at each soil monitoring points ranged 1 393.98 ~ 5 497.42 mg/kg, 880.47 ~ 3 133.43 mg/kg respectively, which were higher than K and Na, i.e., 498.58 ~ 3 315.42, 32.98 ~ 186.75 mg/kg, respectively. Soil CO2 concentration and soil temperature had the significant seasonal characteristics, which gave the higher values in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. Soil porosity decreased with the increasing depth, and the contents of HCO3- and Ca2+ in soil water were higher than other ions. The migration ability of main elements was Na > Ca > Mg > K, and the migration coefficients in summer of all elements were the highest. The factors with high contribution rate to major elements migration included precipitation, soil CO2 concentration, soil temperature and the content of anion in soil water, and their cumulative contribution rate reached up to 52.84% ~ 79.06%. The cumulative contribution rate of soil bulk density and the major elements content in soil and soil water was 22.98%, significantly lower than the aforementioned factors. The contribution rate of total soil porosity and aeration porosity were even lower, just 2.19% ~ 8.76%.