The characteristics of runoff and sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus losses under soil management measures in sloping farmland in purple hilly region were studied by the method of field runoff plot observation. Soil management measures were humic acid (HA), polyacrylamide (PAM), green manure (GM), and one control group (CK) was set. The results showed that: A-type (small rainfall, short duration, low rainfall intensity) rainfall occurred more frequently in the study area, which accounted for 71% of the total number of rainfall recorded. However B-type (large rainfall, long duration, moderate rainfall intensity) and C-type (moderate rainfall, moderate duration, high rainfall intensity) rainfall were more likely to produce runoff and sediment. Critical rainfall of erosive rainfall of soil management measures were quite approximate, which meant that the sloping farmland began to produce runoff and sediment when rainfall was more than 10 mm. The runoff yield of A-type rainfall: CK (123.49 L)＞HA (60.67 L)＞GM (53.67 L)＞PAM (32.15 L), the difference was significant among soil management measures（P＜0.05）. Sediment yield: CK (30.91 g)＞HA (10.49 g)＞GM (5.50 g)＞PAM (5.12 g), the sediment yield of control group was significantly different from that of GM and PAM. The difference of runoff and sediment yield among the measures were not significant under B-type rainfall. The runoff yield of A-type rainfall: CK (375.45 L)＞HA (26 L)＞GM (239.00 L)＞PAM (182.10 L), the runoff yield of control group and PAM was significantly different. No significant difference was found in sediment yield among soil management measures. The nitrogen loss of several conservation practices varied significantly, the total nitrogen loss of control group was 2.1～2.6 times of that green manure and polyacrylamide, hydrolysis nitrogen loss was about 2.7 times of that green manure and polyacrylamide. The general trend of phosphorus loss in the runoff:The control group＞green manure＞humic acid＞polyacrylamide, however no significant difference was found among them（P＞0.05）. The loss of phosphorus in runoff is mainly in the form of water soluble phosphorus. Polyacrylamide, humic acid and green manure significangtly benefit of the reduction of runoff, sediment and nitrogen and phosphorus loss, and the polyacrylamide was most effective under the condition of A-type rainfall.