By the method of substituting temporal serial with spatial serial，and taking six sandy grasslands with different habitat types (H1, hard sierozem，H2, sandy sierozem，H3, fixed sand dune，H4, emifixed Sand dune，H5, semimobile Dune，H6, mobile sand dune) in desert steppe region as test objects，this paper studied the response of plant community succession on sandy grassland desertification process by analyzing the composition of its soil particles and grassland plant community structures and features, the results showed that: the species richness was 9，12，9，9，9 and 5 respectively in the communities, of which the desertification succession was from hard sierozem to mobile sand dune. For life form composition of all communities along the desertification succession, the dominant species were the perennial herbaceous plants from hard sierozem to sandy sierozem, and the dominant species were the annual herbaceous plants from fixed sand dune to emifixed Sand dune, then, the dominant species were semi-shrubs from semimobile dune to mobile sand dune. Species number of Gramineae in the community was the highest dominant species in the semi-mobile sandy stage. Species number of Chenopodiaceae is stable after sandy sierozem. Species number of Compositae and Leguminosae disappeared or decreased continuously along the fixed and semi-fixed sand sandy succession gradient and their importance in community also decreased gradually. The species diversity was the highest in Sandy sierozem, and decreased then in fixed sand, and increased again in Mobile sand dune. Along with succession, the ecological dominance and species diversity which performed the opposite trend. However, the community evenness showed decreases firstly and then increased gradually again. There was a high degree of similarity between two adjacent communities along with succession. The content of clay silt reduced significantly , as well as soil particle fractal dimension in 0-10cm soil layer(P<0.01), but the content of gravel increased significantly. There was a significant negative correlation among annual herbaceous plants dominance, silt and clay soil and soil particle fractal dimension (P <0.05), while it showed a significant positive correlation (P <0.05) between Leguminosae dominance and silt, and soil fractal dimension, and then there was a significant positive correlation between species diversity and the content of silt (P <0.01), and had a significant positive correlation (P <0.05) between species diversity and fine sand content, soil fractal dimension.