平坦下垫面植被蒸散特征及对气象因素的响应研究
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北京林业大学,北京林业大学

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


Study on the evapotranspiration features of vegetation over flat underlying surface and response to meteorological factors
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Beijing forestry University,Beijing forestry University

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    摘要:

    下垫面蒸散活动是生态系统水热平衡的重要组成,为了研究平坦下垫面植被蒸散特征,本文以北京市八达岭林场场部示范林为研究对象,基于涡度相关仪观测数据,研究平坦下垫面蒸散特征,通过PT-Fi模型分析下垫面蒸散组分,以常规统计方法分析蒸散对气象因素的响应。平原区植被非均一下垫面蒸散典型日变化分析表明,全天可分为四个阶段,平稳期:0:00~5:00和20:00~0:00(夜间),逐渐上升期:5:00~12:00,剧烈波动期:12:00~14:00,下降期:14:00~20:00。采用对应时间段取平均的方法分析月蒸散24h变化规律,其变化趋势与日变化相似,但曲线更平滑。季节变化分析表明,4月期间蒸散缓慢增长,5月开始逐渐上升;6月~9月期间为蒸散高峰期且波动较大;10月开始蒸散迅速降低。蒸散组分分析表明,研究时段内总蒸散532.92mm,植被蒸腾量394.48mm,所占比例74.02%;土壤蒸发量138.44mm,所占比例25.98%。蒸散与常规气象因子相关分析表明,太阳辐射(相关系数):夏季晴天(0.9484)>春季晴天(0.7909)>秋季晴天(0.6917),夏季晴天(0.9484)>夏季阴天(0.8828);温度(相关系数):夏季晴天(0.6735)>秋季晴天(0.4222)>春季晴天(0.1826),夏季晴天(0.6735)>夏季阴天(0.647)。量化常规气象因子对蒸散的影响效应表明,太阳辐射:夏季晴天(0.3585 W﹒m-2/ W﹒m-2)>春季晴天(0.0474W﹒m-2/ W﹒m-2)>秋季晴天(0.0525W﹒m-2/ W﹒m-2),夏季晴天(0.3585W﹒m-2/ W﹒m-2)>夏季阴天(0.2510W﹒m-2/ W﹒m-2);温度:夏季晴天(18.042 W﹒m-2℃-1)>春季晴天(2.3224W﹒m-2℃-1)>秋季晴天(1.3516W﹒m-2℃-1),夏季阴天(21.0650W﹒m-2℃-1)>夏季晴天(18.0420W﹒m-2℃-1)。降水事件在短期内对蒸散的影响为负效应。气象因子对蒸散的综合影响效应分析表明,温度的影响效应最大,不同季节其贡献率为40%~60%,太阳辐射和空气相对湿度贡献率在不同时期变化较大。

    Abstract:

    Evapotranspiration is the important component of ecosystem hydrological and energy-balance. This study analyzed the evapotranspiration feature over flat underlying surface based on eddy covariance in Badaling Forest Farm in Beijing. We analyzed the evapotranspiration components via PT-Fi model and response to meteorological factors. The results of typical daily evapotranspiration variation in non-uniform underlying surfaces showing that the whole day were divided into 4 stages, 0:00 to 5:00 and 20:00 to 24:00 (night)was stable stage, 5:00 to 12:00 was increasing gradually stage, 12:00 to 14:00was fluctuant stage and 14:00 to 20:00 was decreasing stage. 24h averaged evapotranspiration in one month show that evapotranspiration monthly variation was accordance with the change of daily variation, expect the curve was smoother. According to the seasonal variation, evapotranspiration increased slowly from April to May, from June to September, the evapotranspiration arranged in the fastigium, while the evapotranspiration decreased rapidly from October. Total evapotranspiration during study period was 532.92mm, the components of ET--vegetation transpiration and soil evaporation were 394.48 mm and 138.44mm respectively, and the proportion were 74.02% and 25.98% respectively. The correlation between evapotranspiration and meteorological factors indicates that: correlation of solar radiation and evapotranspiration shows that: sunny day in summer (0.9484)>sunny day in spring (0.7909)>sunny day in autumn (0.6917), sunny day in summer (0.9484)>cloudy day in summer (0.8828). Correlation between evapotranspiration and temperature shows that: sunny day in summer (0.6735)>sunny day in autumn (0.4222)>sunny day in spring (0.1826)>, sunny day in summer (0.6835)>cloudy day in summer (0.647). Quantified the influence of meteorological factors on evapotranspiration, effect of solar radiation: sunny day in summer(0.3585 W﹒m-2/ W﹒m-2)>sunny day in spring(0.0474W﹒m-2/ W﹒m-2)>sunny day in autumn(0.0525W﹒m-2/ W﹒m-2),sunny day in summer(0.3585W﹒m-2/ W﹒m-2)>cloudy day in summer(0.2510W﹒m-2/ W﹒m-2). Temperature:sunny day in summer(19.5535 W﹒m-2℃-1)>sunny day in spring(2.3224W﹒m-2℃-1)>sunny day in autumn (1.3516W﹒m-2℃-1),cloudy day in summer(21.0650W﹒m-2℃-1)>sunny day in summer(18.0420W﹒m-2℃-1).The correlation analysis of evapotranspiration and rainfall shows that rainfall played negative effect on evapotranspiration, but there was a critical rainfall amount, that was to say the evapotranspiration would decrease until rainfall reached a certain amount. Analysis on combined effect of meteorological factors on evapotranspiration indicated that the maximum effect factor was temperature with the contribution rate of 40%~60% during research period. Contribution rate of solar radiation and relative humidity varied in different seasons.

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花圣卓,余新晓.平坦下垫面植被蒸散特征及对气象因素的响应研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,(3):

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  • 收稿日期:2016-01-29
  • 最后修改日期:2016-03-15
  • 录用日期:2016-03-15
  • 在线发布日期: 2016-06-30
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