The variation of soil nutrient and microbe on different erosion position of hilly Slope in the latosolic red soil region were studied.The result showed that changes of soil pH,organic matter,total N,alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P and K were very obvious,but total P and K were not significant in different erosion position.With intensifying of soil erosion and vegetation destroyed,soil microbial quantity decreased gradually,and intensity of soil basal respiration(SBR) and substrate induced respiration(SIR) declined significantly.Under no grassland vegetation,artificial Schima superba can not conserved obviously soil and water.Grass vegetation should be very necessary in soil and water conservation.