To explore wind erosion and deposition features on surfaces in Jilantai salt lake protection system. This study used the plugging-brazing method to observe the actual surface conditions of different protection function areas of the salt lake protection system. Our results showed: The monthly variation of surface erosion and deposition showed obvious fluctuation in different protective function zone of Jilantai salt lake protection system. Fixing shifting-sand zone and fencing dune for grass recovery zone were mainly wind erosion. Surface sediment material tended to be finer from outside to inside. Fixing shifting-sand zone and fencing dune for grass recovery zone are mainly composed of fine sand and medium sand; preventing wind and stopping sand zone and salt lake protection forest zone is mainly composed of very fine sand and fine sand. The average particle size, sorting coefficient, kurtosis and skewness of salt lake protection system ranged from 1.66 to 3.32, 0.99 to 2.91, 1.23 to 2.05 and -0.08 to -0.89. The average grain size, sorting coefficient, kurtosis and skewness of surface sediments increased gradually with salt lake protection system from outside to inside. In general, it appeared that the construction of the salt lake protection system tended to refine in surface sediment, which is conducive to the deposition of fine-grained soil material and played a protective role for the surface.