不同水热调控方式对苹果—大豆间作系统土壤温度和根系分布的影响

罗成威<sup>1; 2</sup>; 王若水<sup>1; 2</sup>; 王莉莎<sup>1; 2</sup>; 熊常<sup>1; 2</sup>; 王鑫<sup>1; 2</sup>; 代厚帅<sup>1; 2</sup>; 万倩<sup>1; 2</sup>; 肖婉<sup>1; 2</sup>

文章摘要

罗成威, 王若水, 王莉莎, 熊常, 王鑫, 代厚帅, 万倩, 肖婉.不同水热调控方式对苹果—大豆间作系统土壤温度和根系分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2023,37(2):217~226

不同水热调控方式对苹果—大豆间作系统土壤温度和根系分布的影响

Effects of Different Hydrothermal Regulation Methods on Soil Temperature and Roots Distribution in Apple—Soybean Intercropping Systems

投稿时间：2022-07-16

DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.02.025

中文关键词: 农林复合覆膜时间滴灌种间竞争晋西黄土区

英文关键词: agroforestry mulching period drip irrigation interspecific competition Shanxi Losses region

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0115300);国家自然科学基金项目(32271960)

作者	单位	E-mail
罗成威^1,2, 王若水^1,2, 王莉莎^1,2, 熊常^1,2, 王鑫^1,2, 代厚帅^1,2, 万倩^1,2, 肖婉^1,2	1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083 2. 北京林业大学山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 北京 100083	wrsily_2002@163.com

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中文摘要:

为探究适于黄土区果农间作系统的水热调控方式,选取该区典型的苹果—大豆间作系统为对象,分析不同水热调控方式对间作系统耗水量、土壤温度及根系分布的影响。试验设置3个灌水量上限:田间持水量的50%(W1),65%(W2)和80%(W3);2个覆膜时间:大豆播种至结荚期(M1)和全生育期覆膜(M2)。结果表明:灌水处理的耗水量与灌水量呈正相关,其耗水量较对照提高1.02%~79.11%。土壤温度在分枝和结荚期随土层深度的增加先增后减,最大值出现在15 cm,而在鼓粒期却呈减小趋势。覆膜在生长前期可增温1.13~3.09℃,而在后期降温0.05~2.36℃。间作系统中作物根系在竖直和水平方向上主要分布范围为0—80 cm深度和距树行0.3~1.8 m。土壤有效积温和根系竞争强度总体上随灌水量的增加先增后减,最大值出现在W2;同时,M1组根系竞争强度较M2提高12.69%。相关分析表明,土壤水分与根系呈极显著负相关性。中等水平的灌水结合播种至结荚期覆膜能最大程度地提升作物根系密度,改善土壤物理性质。建议在幼龄果树间作大豆系统中采用半生育期覆膜(M1)结合田间持水量的65%作为灌水上限(W2)。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the suitable water-heat regulation method for the orchard and farmland intercropping system in the loess area,the typical apple (Malus pumila)-soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system in this area was selected as the object.The effects of different water-heat regulation methods on water consumption,soil temperature and root distribution of the intercropping system were analyzed.Three upper limits of irrigation amount were set:50%(W1),65%(W2) and 80%(W3) of the field water capacity,and two mulching periods:soybean sowing to podding stage (M1) and whole growth period (M2).The results showed that the water consumption of the irrigation treatment was positively correlated with the irrigation amount,and its water consumption was increased by 1.02%~79.11% compared with the control.The soil temperature increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil depth at branching and podding stages,and the maximum value appeared at 15 cm,while it showed a decreasing trend at filling stage.The soil temperature was increased by 1.13~3.09℃ in the early stage of growth though mulching,and decreased by 0.05~2.36℃ in the late growth stage.In the intercropping system,the crop roots were mainly distributed in the vertical directions of 0-80 cm depth and the horizontal directions of 0.3~1.8 m away from the tree row.The soil effective accumulated temperature and root competition intensity generally increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount,and the maximum value appeared in W2.The root competition intensity of M1 group was 12.69% higher than M2.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between soil moisture and root.Moderate level of irrigation combined with film mulching from sowing to podding stage could maximize root density and improve soil physical properties.Therefore,it is recommended that half-growth mulch (M1) combined with 65% of field water capacity should be used as the upper irrigation limit (W2) in young apple-soybean intercropping systems.

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