宁南山区侵蚀沟不同部位土壤理化性质及可蚀性研究

王亚娟<sup>1</sup>; 陈云明<sup>1; 2</sup>; 孙亚荣<sup>1</sup>; 赵敏<sup>1</sup>

文章摘要

王亚娟, 陈云明, 孙亚荣, 赵敏.宁南山区侵蚀沟不同部位土壤理化性质及可蚀性研究[J].水土保持学报,2023,37(2):11~18

宁南山区侵蚀沟不同部位土壤理化性质及可蚀性研究

Study on Physical and Chemical Properties and Erodibility of Soil in Different Parts of Erosion Gully in the Mountainous Area of South Ningxia

投稿时间：2022-08-10

DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.02.002

中文关键词: 宁南山区侵蚀沟沟头沟床沟岸土壤可蚀性K值土壤理化性质

英文关键词: Mountainous Area of South Ningxia erosion gully gully head gully bed gully bank K value of soil erodibility physical and chemical properties of soil

基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目"小流域水土保持与生态系统管理技术集成"(2020BCF01001)

作者	单位	E-mail
王亚娟¹, 陈云明^1,2, 孙亚荣¹, 赵敏¹	1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨陵 712100 2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨陵 712100	ymchen@ms.iswc.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

侵蚀沟沟头前进,沟岸扩张,沟床下切严重影响区域粮食生产和环境质量。以宁夏彭阳县玉洼流域3个稳定侵蚀沟的沟头、沟床、沟岸为对象,通过野外调查取样与室内试验相结合的方法,分析了侵蚀沟不同部位(沟头、沟床、沟岸)的土壤理化性质及可蚀性K值,采集0—10,10—25,25—40,40—55,55—70 cm土壤,测定并计算土壤质量含水量(θ)、土壤容重(ρ)、土壤总孔隙度(φ)、土壤黏粒(CLA)、粉粒(SIL)、砂粒(SAN)含量、＞0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(R_0.25)、土壤平均重量直径(MWD)、土壤几何平均直径(GMD)及土壤有机质(SOM)含量,利用EPIC模型计算土壤可蚀性K值。结果表明:(1)侵蚀沟各部位平均质量含水量、总孔隙度、有机质、粉粒含量、＞0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、平均重量直径、几何平均直径的大小顺序均为沟床＞沟岸＞沟头,各部位平均土壤容重、砂粒含量为沟头＞沟岸＞沟床,平均土壤黏粒含量为沟岸＞沟头＞沟床,各部位土壤机械组成均为粉粒含量＞砂粒含量＞黏粒含量;(2)侵蚀沟各部位土壤可蚀性K值在0.032 9~0.039 5(t·hm²·h)/(MJ·mm·hm²),属于中可蚀性,平均可蚀性K值表现为沟头＞沟岸＞沟床;(3)侵蚀沟各部位土壤可蚀性K值与土壤粉粒、黏粒含量呈显著负相关,与土壤砂粒、有机质含量、质量含水量呈显著正相关,沟床土壤可蚀性K与R_0.25、MWD、GMD呈极显著负相关(p＜0.01)。沟头作为侵蚀沟发育最活跃的部位,通过提高土壤有机质含量、粉粒含量来增加团聚体的数量和稳定性,从而降低土壤可蚀性。研究结果可为侵蚀沟生态稳定性及评估提供依据。

英文摘要:

The erosion of gully head forward,gully bank expansion,and gully bed cutting seriously affect regional grain production and environmental quality.Taking the gully head,gully bed,and gully bank of three stable eroded gullies in Yuwa Watershed of Pengyang County,Ningxia as subjects,this study combined field survey sampling with laboratory experiment.The soil physicochemical properties and erodibility K values of different parts of erosion gully (gully head,gully bed and gully bank) were analyzed.The 0—10,10—25,25—40,40—55,55—70 cm soil,soil mass water content (θ),soil bulk density (ρ),soil total porosity (φ),soil clay (CLA),soil silt (SIL),sand (SAN) content,＞0.25 mm water-stable aggregate content (R_0.25),soil mean weight diameter (MWD),soil geometric mean diameter (GMD) and soil organic matter (SOM) content were collected,and EPIC model was used to calculate K value of soil erodibility.The results showed that:(1) The quality of each part of the erosion gully average moisture content,total porosity,organic matter,silt content,aggregate content of water stability > 0.25 mm,average weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of the size of the order of gully bed > gully bank > gully head,the average soil bulk density and sand content of each part were gully head > gully bank > gully bed,the average soil clay content was gully bank > gully head > gully bed,the mechanical composition of the soil in each part was silt > sand > clay.(2) The K value of soil erodibility in each part of the erosion gully ranges from 0.032 9 to 0.039 5(t·hm²·h)/(MJ·mm·hm²),which belonged to the medium erodibility.The average K value of erodibility was gully head > gully bank > gully bed.(3) The K value of soil erodibility was significantly negatively correlated with soil silt and clay content,and significantly positively correlated with soil sand content,organic matter and mass water content.Soil erodibility K value in gully bed was significantly negatively correlated with R_0.25,MWD and GMD (p<0.01).As the most active part of erosion gully,the number and stability of aggregates were increased by increasing soil organic matter content and silt content,thus reducing soil erodibility.The results can provide basis for ecological stability and evaluation of erosion gully.

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