Topography is the main factor influencing soil erosion, but the distribution pattern and influencing factors of topographic factors on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) need to be studied. Based on the 1 arc resolution SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) elevation data, we calculated the slope, slope length and LS factor (slope length and steepness factors, LS), and studied the distribution pattern, statistical distribution characteristics and influencing factors of LS factors on the QTP in combination with area-elevation integration and Hack profile. The results show that: (1) The three topographic indexes of slope, slope length and LS factors all showed the pattern of that small in the center of the plateau and large in the around high mountains, and the average slope gradient of the inner flow area and the outer flow area was 6.55° and 14.3°, the average of slope length was 122.9 and 172.2 m, the mean LS factor was 4.8 and 12.7, respectively. (2) On the whole, the LS factor on the QTP was mainly affected by slope steepness, but the LS factor in the steep areas on the edge of the plateau was mainly affected by slope length. (3) The Hack profiles of the six main rivers in the QTP were convex, and the geomorphic evolution of the region was in its youth stage as a whole. (4) The distribution characteristics of LS factor on the QTP were consistent with soil erosion types and their combinations. The high value in the surrounding area corresponded to Glacier erosion-water erosion, the low value in the northwest corresponded to hydraulic freeze-thaw erosion and wind erosion, and the high value in the transition area from the southeast edge to the interior of the plateau corresponded to hydraulic gravity erosion. The distribution pattern and statistical characteristics of LS factor analyzed in this paper could provide theoretical and data support for the evaluation of soil erosion, and also had great significance for the study of material migration and transformation in the earth system of the QTP.