Exploring the characteristics of soil water evaporation after the combination of mine waste residue and farmland soil and the effect of mulch on soil water evaporation is of practical significance to the management and improvement of soil water in mine restoration. Using the abandoned residue of limestone mine wasteland and nearby farmland soil as compound materials, the combination volume ratios of 0∶10 (T1), 3∶7 (T2), 5∶5 (T3), 7∶3 (T4) and 10∶0 (T5) were set. The soil column method was used to simulate the process of soil water evaporation under field conditions to explore the effect of compound ratios on soil water evaporation and the water retention capacity of different mulches. The results showed that: (1) The water content of surface mixed soil before and after the experiment was T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > T5. The daily evaporation in the middle stage of evaporation and the cumulative evaporation at the end of evaporation decreased significantly with the increase of the volume ratios of abandoned slag. There was no significant difference in daily evaporation between different mixed soils in the early and later stages of evaporation. (2) Among the meteorological factors, the influence of temperature and wind speed on soil water evaporation was greater than that of solar radiation, and the effect of relative humidity was not significant. In soil physical properties, except for capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity, there was a significant correlation between soil water evaporation and other factors. (3) Adding mulch to bare land could reduce water evaporation. According to the analysis of evaporation and evaporation rate, gravel mulch (Diameter 2~4 cm, thickness 5 cm) had the best effect. (4) The best water conservation scheme of soil reconstruction in limestone mine wasteland was abandoned slag∶farmland soil of 3∶7 volume ratio and covered with gravel. The study could provide theoretical support for the local treatment of quarrying wasteland.