Runoff and sediment yield is the main form of soil erosion in sloping farmland. In order to explore the soil and water conservation benefit of Rosa sterilis S. D. Shi on slope farmland in karst mountainous area of central Guizhou, using field location observation method in runoff plot and correlation analysis method, this study analyzed the field measured data of runoff and sediment under six natural runoff plots, which were natural restoration land (NRL), R. sterilis S. D. Shi land (RSSDSL), R. sterilis S. D. Shi + natural grassland (RSSDSL+NGL),on 15ånd 25° slope under 15 erosive rainfalls from June to September 2016. The results showed that:(1) Under the same slope, rainfall and maximum 30 min rainfall intensity(I₃₀), the RSSDSL had better water and sediment retention ability than NRL, and RSSDSL+NGL pattern was better than the single RSSDSL pattern.(2) The runoff and sediment reduction effect of R. sterilis S. D. Shi planting pattern with a slope of 25° was better than that of 15°, and the sediment reduction effect was better than runoff reduction. The RSSDSL+NGL had the best runoff and sediment reduction effect. Under the four rain types of light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain and rainstorm, when the slope was 15°, compared with NRL, the average runoff reduction of RSSDSL+NGL were 59.08%, 65.23%, 56.96% and 54.87%, respectively, and the average sediment reduction were 87.32%, 71.64%, 51.10% and 74.69%, respectively. While, when the slope was 25°, the average runoff of reduction were 53.11%, 76.09%, 76.72% and 46.12%, respectively, and the average sediment reduction were 85.40%, 86.87%, 71.55% and 73.99%, respectively. (3) Runoff and sediment yield in the study area was highly correlated with rainfall parameters (P, I₃₀) and was significant at the 0.01 level. R. sterilis S. D. Shi had obvious effect on runoff and sediment reduction under different rain types, and the best effect was achieved in light rain and moderate rain. In conclusion, R. sterilis S. D. Shi planting in the study area could effectively control the rainfall erosion of all rain types, and could be used as an excellent economic choice for ecological restoration in karst mountainous areas of Guizhou Province.