Abstract:Hydrological resilience is an important reference index for maintaining hydrologic stability of watershed or ecosystem. An in-depth study of the relationship between vegetation structure and hydrological resilience will be an important direction of ecological hydrology under the background of global change in the future. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the response mechanism of hydrological resilience to different intervention modes such as climate change and human activities, then the formation mechanism of hydrological resilience and its relationship with vegetation structure have not been fully understood. This paper systematically summarized the main concepts of hydrological resilience, and five main algorithms from different perspectives such as water use efficiency, water balance of Budyko framework, vegetation landscape structure change and recovery time disturbed by drought. The responses of climate change, human activities and vegetation structure to hydrological resilience were analyzed, and the internal mechanism of hydrological resilience was analyzed. (1) Budyko model and water use efficiency of ecosystem have significant value in the calculation of hydrological resilience. (2) In the energy-limited watershed, the hydrological resilience decreases with the increases of the degrees of warming and drying. In the water-limited watersheds, the hydrological resilience increases with the increases of the degrees of warming and drying. (3) Forest-dominated watersheds have higher hydrological resilience than other bioceno-dominated catchments. (4) Large-scale deforestation or afforestation usually reduces the hydrological resilience of watersheds. (5) Natural forest and vegetation structure with high diversity are conducive to maintaining high hydrological resilience. (6) The watersheds with higher water use efficiency of vegetation under disturbance are conducive to maintaining high hydrological resilience. (7)The hydrological resilience of the watershed with high diversity of vegetation, low degree of landscape fragmentation, stable vegetation structure, large soil water storage or snow replenishment was higher. It is necessary to explore and develop hydrological resilience calculation methods under various stable states in the future.