In order to explore the effects of vegetation types and growing season stages on ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, reveal the nutrient limitation and circulation law of terrestrial ecosystem in Loess Hilly Area,taking the typical grassland, Medicago Sativa land, Hippophae rhamnoides shrub land, Xanthoceras sorbifolium woodland and Picea asperata wood land as the research objects in Loess Hilly Area, we analyzed the contents of organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of the 0—60 cm soil layer and their stoichiometric ratio characteristics as well as the differences between vegetation types and growth season stages. The results showed that: (1) The contents of SOC, TN and TP of arbor forest land were significantly higher than those of shrub grassland (0.7%~39.7%) in the whole growing season(P<0.05), and the contents of SOC and TN of five vegetation types gradually decreased with the growth of vegetation. The content of TP had a certain accumulation at the end of growing season. (2) In the whole growing season, the mean stoichiometric ratios (C∶N, C∶P and N∶P) of the five vegetation types were 24.70, 77.56 and 4.26, respectively. The C∶N and C∶P were larger than the national average (12.3, 61.0), while the N∶P was smaller than the national average (5.2). There were significant differences in soil stoichiometric ratio between shrub land and wasteland, but there was no significant difference in soil stoichiometric ratio between arbor forest land and in soil C∶P and N∶P between grassland. (3) The soil C∶N had good stability in time. At the same time, the soil stoichiometric ratio of each vegetation type in the growing season stage followed the order of the peak period of the growth season > the early period of the growth season > the end of the growth season. However, the comparison trend of N∶P (6.37) under the peak period of the growth season and C∶P (40.84) under the end of the growth season were opposite to those of the whole growing season and the national average. Vegetation type and growing season stage had a certain impact on soil nutrients and stoichiometric characteristics. Meanwhile, vegetation growth in Loess Hilly Area was limited by soil N rather than soil P. Therefore, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be reasonably applied according to the actual situation of vegetation type and growing stage, so as to help soil nutrient retention and accelerate the process of ecological restoration.