In this study, Pinus yunnanensis communities and their soils in the two places (phosphorus-rich area and phosphorus-poor area) with large differences in phosphorus content in Central Yunnan were taken as the research objects. The Hedley phosphorus classification revised by Sui was used to study the available phosphorus characteristics of soil phosphorus and other soil nutrient factors, and the structure and differences of two types of P. yunnanensis communities were analyzed. The results showed that the total phosphorus content in the phosphorus-rich area was significantly higher than that in the phosphorus-poor area. Although the contents of active phosphorus (H₂O—P_i, NaHCO₃—P_i, and NaHCO₃—P_o) were lower than 10% in both areas, the active phosphorus content in the phosphorus-rich area was significantly higher than that in the phosphorus-poor area. In the phosphorus-poor area, the content of organic phosphorus was higher than that of inorganic phosphorus, but it was the opposite in the phosphorus-rich area. The contents of other soil nutrients such as total nitrogen and organic carbon in the phosphorus-rich area were also significantly higher than those in the phosphorus-poor area. The forest density, Shannon-wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou index of P. yunnanensis community in the phosphorus-rich area were all higher than those in the phosphorus-poor area, while the average plant height, average DBH and crown width were all lower than those in the phosphorus-poor area. The growth and development of P. yunnanensis communities in phosphorus-poor areas and phosphorus-rich areas were related to nutrition strategies. In phosphorus-deficient areas, plant communities carried out a tight phosphorus cycle to maintain normal growth. Phosphorus mainly used by plants and microorganisms came from the mineralization and dissolution of organic phosphorus, and the phosphorus loss was minimized in the biogeochemical cycle. However, in areas where phosphorus was extremely abundant, plant and microbial communities were more inclined to transfer phosphorus from soil ores to the biogeochemical phosphorus cycle. For local plants and microbes, tight phosphorus recovery was irrelevant. The significant difference in the community structure of P. yunnanensis between the two places was closely related to the phosphorus content on the ground. Phosphorus-rich areas were rich in soil phosphorus and other nutrient resources, which was able to maintain more kinds of plants and correspondingly reduce the ecological advantages of P. yunnanensis in the communities. Accordingly, phosphorus had become a limiting factor in phosphorus-poor areas, and other nutrient resources were also relatively short, which could not support a higher level of plant diversity. P. yunnanensis had a higher ecological advantage because of its strong competitiveness.