It is of great significance to study the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of groundwater level depth and its response to land use change in arid and water-scarce areas for strengthening land use and groundwater resource management in agricultural areas. Taking the plain irrigation area of Hutubi County as the research area, based on geostatistics and GIS, the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater depth was fitted by ordinary Kriging interpolation in 2000, 2010 and 2018. Moreover, the land use type map was generated by interpreting remote sensing data during the corresponding period. Superposition analysis was conducted on the response relationship between the change of groundwater depth in different periods and the transfer of land use types in the corresponding periods. The results showed that space variation of groundwater depth in Hutubi County was mainly due to structural natural factors such as topography and climate. The spatial correlation of groundwater depth increased year by year, while the spatial heterogeneity weakened gradually. Spatially, the groundwater depth was gradually shallow from south to north, and from 2000 to 2010, the area with the groundwater depth less than 10 m decreased by 86.61%. The substantial increase of arable land was controlled after 2010. However, due to the large base of cultivated land, the amount of extracted groundwater began to decline from the maximum value in 2014, and the groundwater began to recover in some areas. The cultivated land was the main land use type in the study area, and the proportion of agricultural water in groundwater was as high as 84.68%. Therefore, the dynamic change of groundwater depth was highly correlated with the change of cultivated land area.