In order to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution of soil nitrogen and phosphorus and their influencing factors in the riparian zones of Fenhe River, the purpose of this study was to discuss the stoichiometric characteristics, spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus and their correlation with soil and hydrological characteristics in natural riparian zone and strong artificial-disturbance riparian zone. The results showed that: (1)There serves of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the strong artificial-disturbed riparian zone were bigger than those in the natural riparian zone, and the coefficients of variation in natural riparian zone were smaller than those of the strong artificial-disturbed riparian zone. The ecological stoichiometry of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil of natural riparian zone were weakly stable in each water period. (2) As for the riparian zones in Fenhe River during each water period, the contents of TN and TP in the soil of riparian zones showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the period to dry season-normal season-wet season. In the lateral direction along the riparian zone, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of near-bank part were significantly higher than those in the far-bank part. While the contents of TN and TP in the depth direction of the soil decreased with the increase of depth. (3) River water quality, soil bulk density and soil porosity were the correlation factors affecting soil TN content in riparian zones of Fenhe River, while soil bulk density, soil porosity and ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus were the correlation factors affecting soil TP content in riparian zones. The results showed that the distribution of soil nitrogen in riparian zones of Fenhe River had a certain response relationship with river hydrological characteristics, while the distribution of soil phosphorus had no obvious response relationship with the river hydrological characteristics.