The distribution of soil particle size is one of the most important physical indicators for studying its desertification. By studying the soil particle size characteristics of sand in different azimuths in the sand barrier grid, the micro-topography erosion status was analyzed to determine the indication effect of the particle size characteristics on the landform shape, and to provide technical support for selecting suitable sand barrier types. Samples were taken from different areas within the sand barrier of plant fiber mesh and geotextile bag distributed in the flowing dunes on the western edge of Tengger Desert to measure the sand particle size with the mastersizer range of laser diffraction particle size analyzers. The parameters, such as the composition and curve of soil particle distribution in different areas between and within the barrier, were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the sand interception in geotextile bag sand barrier is more vital than that in fiber mesh sand barrier, and the former is better than the latter in sand-blocking. The content of checkerboard sand in the western position was 18%~23% higher than that in the other places, indicating weak wind erosion or substantial accumulation in the west region. The sand content in the middle and south directions of the square in geotextile bag sand barrier was 8%~26% less than that in the other orientations, and the east and south directions were wind erosion areas. The sand content in the middle of the geotextile bag sand barrier gradually increased along the main wind direction, indicating that the sand barrier's sand deposition increases, while the change in the fiber mesh sand barrier square was not apparent. In the fiber mesh sand barrier area, the sand particle composition decreased gradually along the main wind direction(P<0.05), indicating that the sand barrier has a weak sand-blocking effect. The sand components of geotextile bag sand barrier were concentrated in the central and southern part of the sand barrier, and the sorting of the center was worse than that of the north and south part of the sand barrier, which indicates that the sand components deposit more in the downwind area of the leading wind direction. The content of fine sand and medium sand on the west side of the fiber mesh sand barrier on both sides of the middle was more than 24% higher than that on the east side of the geotextile bag sand barrier, while the content of coarse sand and very coarse sand were nearly 43% lower.