Groundwater recharge is the main source of water replenishment of surface vegetation in the arid desert areas, and the depth of groundwater is closely related to the vegetation index NDVI. In view of the shortcomings of the research on the relationship between NDVI and groundwater depth change, this paper carried out a quantitative relationship between NDVI and groundwater depth (H) based on the Jiefangzha irrigation area in the Hetao Irrigation District. Using ten landsat8 remote sensing image data from March 2016 to the end of September 2016 and 57 groundwater observation data in the same period, the spatial and temporal dynamics of NDVI and groundwater depth (H) were obtained by geostatistical analysis. On this basis, the spatial and temporal correlation between NDVI and H was established through ArcGIS, and the significance test and the degree of closeness were divided. The quantitative relationship between H and NDVI in different groundwater depth zones was further analyzed. It was concluded that there was a significant linear relationship between NDVI and H. The close degree of NDVI and H was mainly moderate and high correlation. The negative correlation area was concentrated in the shallow groundwater area, and the positive correlation area was concentrated in the deep groundwater area. In terms of space, the linear relationship with statistical significance accounted for about 40% of the total irrigation area. When H ≤ 2.5 m, the influence of different groundwater depth zones on NDVI mean value showed a negative correlation change; while when H > 2.5 m, the mean value of NDVI was larger, and the groundwater did not supply water for crop growth. Therefore, the increase of NDVI mean value had little relationship with the change of H division. Carrying out the point-to-point correlation analysis of NDVI and H in space could enhance the spatial visibility of the correlation between the two, provide theoretical support for irrigation management in irrigation districts, and contribute to the in-depth planning and implementation of water-saving and production-increasing measures.