This study applied a field experiment to investigate the effects of different fertilizer types on nitrogen loss in a paddy field. The fertilizer types included control (CK), conventional formula fertilizer (CT), partial replacement of organic fertilizers to chemical fertilizers (BS) and carbon-based fertilizer (CB). The results showed that the BS and CB had significant effects on reducing nitrogen runoff loss in the paddy field (p < 0.05) and the total runoff loss of ammonium decreased in the following order: CT (20.08 kg/hm²), BS (15.53 kg/hm²), CB (12.68 kg/hm²), CK (0.63 kg/hm²). The estimated nitrogen leaching loss showed that BS and CB had no significant effects on reducing nitrogen leaching loss from the paddy field. The inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) runoff loss under CT, BS and CB accounted for 5.26%~8.31% of fertilizer application, while leaching loss accounted for 0.21%~0.27%, demonstrating that runoff was the main way of inorganic nitrogen loss in the paddy field in this study. The fertilization treatments of CT, BS and CB increased rice yield by 18.3%, 28.4%, and 24.9%, respectively (p < 0.05). In summary, the application of carbon-based fertilizer and organic fertilizer could significantly reduce the nitrogen loss in the paddy field.