Through a field experiment, the effects of organic surface covering materials on the physical and chemical properties of soil were studied. Taking soil from Morus alba L. tree holes in Yuan Ming Yuan Park as object, six treatments were set up as water-based polyurethane adhesive organic cover mats (A), water-based polyurethane and starch adhesive mixing ratio 9:1 organic cover mats (B), water-based polyurethane and starch adhesive mixing ratio 8:2 organic cover mats (C), water-based polyurethane and starch adhesive mixing ratio 7:3 organic cover mats (D), wood chip cover (M) and no cover treatment (CK). The coverage effect of different surface covering materials was evaluated by field coverage test. The results showed that:(1) Different surface covering materials have little effect on the soil bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity and other physical indexes, and soil pH values of different soil layers after covering the tree soil for one year. (2) Compared with CK, different organic surface covering treatments could increase the content of organic matter, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in soil. The effect of organic surface covering in 0-10 cm soil layer was more obvious than that in 10-20 cm soil layer. Comprehensively speaking, different surface covering materials could improve soil nutrient content, water-based polyurethane and starch adhesive mixing ratio of 8:2 organic covering mat (C) was the most suitable covering material for the exposed tree hole among the five organic surface covering materials.