Abstract:Global warming has become one of the most serious environmental problems to human beings, and soil is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. The application of wheat straw and biochar to soil plays an important role in soil carbon and nitrogen conversion and micro-gas metabolism; however, few studies have focused on the soil microbial activity and soil greenhouse gas emission by the application of wheat straw and biochar. This study adopted an indoor culture experiment, using soil added by wheat straw and biochar, to explore the effects of wheat straw and biochar on soil greenhouse gas emission and soil microbial activity. Five treatments were set up, that is, soil (S), soil+1% wheat straw (WT), soil+1% biochar (BC1), soil+2% biochar (BC2), soil+4% biochar (BC4). The results showed that the addition of wheat straw significantly increased the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the soil, the application of wheat straw presented a sizable contribution to the greenhouse effect according to the dynamics of global warming potential (GWP).With the increase of culture time, the addition of biochar showed a certain inhibitory effect on soil N2O emission. The addition of wheat straw could promote the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon to a certain extent, and promote the activities of FDA hydrolysis, urease, catalase, and phosphatase. The soil catalase activity was significantly activated by the application of biochar after a certain period.