In order to study the suitable straw decomposition agents for different soil textures, six treatments were set up to determine the decomposition rate of maize straw, maize yield, characteristics of maize root system and soil chemical properties in the irrigation area of West Liaohe Plain from 2017 to 2018, in which maize straw mixed with Renyuan maturation agent and Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent were returned to medium loam and sandy loam, and straw returning to the field without applying maturation agent was taken as the control. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the decomposing rate between the two kinds of maturation agents in different texture soils. The yield, root characteristics and soil chemical properties of the middle loam in the two years all followed the order of Renyuan maturation agent > Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent > control, and the values of Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent and Renyuan maturation agent were significantly higher than those of the control, while there was no significant difference between the two kinds of maturation agents. The yield, root characteristics and soil chemical properties of sandy loam in the two years all followed the order of Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent > Renyuan maturation agent > control, and the values of Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent were all significantly higher than those of Renyuan maturation agent and the control. For improvement of the root characteristics and soil chemical properties, in sandy loam soil, the effect of applying Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent was better than that of Renyuan maturation agent, while in medium loam, there was no significant difference between the two kinds of maturation agents.