The reducing of yellow water quota and increasing of irrigation area aggravated the shortage of agriculture water resources and soil salinization in the Hetao Irrigation District. It is of great significance to alleviate the stress of agricultural water, improve saline soil by adopting reasonable irrigation methods, and establish a good soil environment which is suitable for crop growth in the irrigation district. In order to investigate the transport characteristics of soil salt and nitrate nitrogen under ridge with plastic mulch-furrow irrigation in the Hetao Irrigation District, four times field irrigation experiments were conducted to determine the effect of high water and high fertilizer (I1F1), high water and low fertilizer (I1F2), middle water and high fertilizer (I2F1), middle water and low fertilizer (I2F2), low water and high fertilizer (I3F1), low water and low fertilizer (I3F2) on soil salinity and soil nitrate nitrogen. The results showed that the irrigation amounts shows higher influence on soil salinity than fertilizer amounts under ridge with plastic mulch-furrow irrigation. The soil salt content of middle water treatment always maintained a suitable and stable level. The amount of irrigation and fertilizer had different effects on soil nitrate nitrogen content. The nitrate leaching in the later stage of middle and low water treatments was significantly lower than that of high water treatment. The treatment of middle water and low fertilizer under ridge with plastic mulch-furrow irrigation increased soil moisture availability, inhibited soil salinity, and reduced the leaching of nitrate nitrogen on the ridge, had a good desalination effect on the basis of saving water and fertilizer which provide a suitable soil environment for the growth and development of crops and conducive to the accumulation of biomass. In a certain extent, the contradiction between the reduction of yellow water quota and the severe waste of water resources in leaching salt throught flooding irrigation was solved. It provided theoretical basis and technical support for the promotion of ridge with plastic mulch-furrow irrigation technology in the Hetao Irrigation District.