Pot experiment and indoor thermostatic incubation experiment was conducted to study the effects of single and combined application of biochar and traditional organic materials (wheat straw and chicken manure) on organic carbon storage, activity and carbon pool management index of loamy fluvo-aquic soil and sandy soil in Henan Province, meanwhile, the effect of wheat straw returning and carbon-making returning on soil organic carbon mineralization and the regulation of biochar on soil original organic carbon mineralization were compared furtherly. The results showed that under the same application amount, the biochar and organic materials could increase soil organic carbon (TOC), and the highest TOC content was found in the soil treated by biochar, the content of TOC were increased by 63.15% and 115.62% in loamy fluvo-aquic and sandy soil, respectively. Moreover, biochar significantly increased soil stable organic carbon content and carbon pool index (CPI), while decreased soil carbon activity index (AI) and the effectiveness of carbon (SC), but had no significant effect on the content of potassium permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC) and carbon pool management index (CPMI), and adding straw significantly increased POXC content, basic respiration and CPMI of two kinds of soils. Through indoor soil incubation experiment, the SOC mineralization rate and cumulative mineralization amount of the two types of soils were increased by straw at the early stage of cultivation (0~37 days), but there was little impact on SOC mineralization if the straw was made into biochar and added to the soil. The priming effects of biochar on soil native SOC mineralization were restricted by its application amount, exogenous active organic carbon input and soil type. In the soil without straw returning, high biochar (2%) showed stronger negative priming effect on soil organic carbon mineralization, while low biochar (0.55%) showed more apparent negative priming effect soil organic carbon mineralization in the straw returning field. Therefore, from the perspective of carbon sequestration and emission reduction, compared with the direct returning straw to field, returning the straw prepared into biochar was a more reasonable way of utilization, and the application amount of biochar should be considered according to soil fertilization management measures and soil types. Application biochar with a mass ratio of 2% could significantly inhibit the mineralization of soil native organic carbon and reduce CO₂ emissions, but it should not be applied during the rapid decomposition period of straw.