Based on the soil column simulation experiment, wheat was irrigated with different dilutions rural mixed wastewater (sewage:clear water as 1:0, 1:1 and 0:1), and then the effects of rural mixed wastewater irrigation (WG) on wheat growth and soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil were studied. The results showed that the content of sewage had a certain influence on wheat growth, soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microbial diversity in wheat rhizosphere soil. Compared with clean water irrigation (CK):(1) The plant height, diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of wheat treated with WG were significantly greater than those in CK treatment (P<0.05), and the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in wheat leaves increased significantly (P<0.05). (2) In the WG treatment,the organic matter content in wheat rhizosphere soil increased by 16.42%, while soil pH, the contents of total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen as well as comprehensive fertility decreased (0.95%~16.79%), and available potassium content decreased significantly (P<0.05). (3) The activities of acid phosphatase, urease and invertase in wheat rhizosphere soil in WG treatment were significantly higher than those in CK treatment (P<0.05), but catalase activity significantly decreased (P<0.05). (4) According to Shannon, Ace, Chao, Coverage, Simpson index and microbial community structure distribution map of bacteria and fungi at genus level, the diversity of bacteria in wheat rhizosphere soil decreased in WG treatment, while the diversity of fungi increased. At the same time, WG changed the relative abundance of dominant species of bacteria and fungi at genus level in wheat rhizosphere soil, but the dominant species of bacteria did not change, and the fungi dominant species changed. This study provides a strong theoretical basis for the study of rural mixed sewage irrigation mode in demonstration area.