In order to study the changes of soil water conservation ability after replacing evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest with Chinese fir plantation, the water retention characteristics of the litter and soil in the above two stands were studied by the indoor soaking method and the cutting ring method, respectively. The results showed that:(1) The average volume of litter in the evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (3.42 t/hm²) was higher than that in the Chinese fir plantation (3.12 t/hm²), and the average litter thickness was Chinese fir forest (9.17 cm)>evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (5.42 cm). (2) The maximum water-holding capacity was evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (6.23 t/hm²)>Chinese fir forest (5.57 t/hm²), and the maximum water holding rate also showed the same rule, that was, evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (184.40%)>Chinese fir forest(179.50%). The effective interception amount and the maximum amount of interception were both evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (4.48 t/hm² and 5.41 t/hm²)>Chinese fir forest (4.13 t/hm² and 4.97 t/hm²). (3) The water absorption amount and soaking time of litter layer accorded with logarithmic function Q=aln(t)+b, while the water absorption rate and soaking time accorded with exponential function V=at^b, the water storage capacity of evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest was stronger than that of Chinese fir forest. (4) The maximum soil water holding capacity of evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (43.58 mm) was higher than that of Chinese fir forest (41.88 mm), the soil in evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest could provide better water support for vegetation growth. The maximum retention of soil moisture was evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (8.20 mm)