新型耕作施肥方式下夏玉米田土壤水分分布和磷素利用研究
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马阳(1993-),男,博士研究生,主要从事土壤养分化学与调控研究。E-mail:63999319@qq.com

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国家重点研发计划项目"黄淮海北部小麦-玉米农田耕层调理与土壤肥力提高关键技术"(2017YFD0300905)


Soil Water Distribution and Phosphorus Utilization in Summer Maize Field Under New Tillage and Fertilization Method
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    摘要:

    为研究新型耕作施肥方式下的土壤水分、磷素空间动态分布、玉米磷素吸收利用及产量,在两茬夏玉米时期分别设置免耕浅施NPK肥(T1)、深松全层施NPK肥(T2)、深松两肥异位分层施NPK肥(T3)。结果表明:与T1相比,成熟期T2、T3的整株磷积累量平均分别提高15.9%和21.2%;T2、T3的磷肥生产效率、表观利用率、农学效率平均分别增加14.5%,11.0%和84.5%;其中T3的磷肥生产效率、表观利用率、农学效率分别较T2提高8.4%,11.6%和47.8%。T2、T3的土壤含水量较T1平均提高6.6%。T3处理将磷肥深施,有效提高20-40 cm土层土壤有效磷含量,较T1显著增加10.2 mg/kg。T2、T3的玉米产量较T1分别提升11.7%和22.6%;T3较T2的玉米产量提高9.7%。说明新型深松两肥异位分层施肥技术有效提高深层土壤保水性能,增加土壤下层有效磷含量,促进玉米磷素吸收,提升磷肥利用率,提高玉米产量,可以有效减少土壤水分和磷素营养损失。

    Abstract:

    This research was conducted to explore the effects of new tillage and fertilization methods on soil water, phosphorus (P) spatial dynamic distribution, P uptake and utilization, and maize yield. In 2016-2017, three treatments of tillage and fertilization methods were designed, including T1 (no-tillage + upper NPK), T2 (subsoiling + whole layer NPK), T3 (application of N, P, K fertilizers to designated soil depth with subsoiling). The results showed that compared with T1, the total P accumulations of T2 and T3 in the mature period were increased by 15.9% and 21.2% respectively.The production efficiencies, apparent utilization rates and agronomic efficiencies of T2 and T3 were increased by 14.5%, 11.0%, 84.5% respectively. Compared with T2, the production efficiency, apparent utilization rate and agronomic efficiency of T3 were enhanced by 8.4%, 11.6% and 47.8% respectively. Compared with T1, the soil water contents of T2 and T3 were both improved by 6.6%. The available P of T3, in which P fertilizer was applied to the deeper soil layer, was increased by 10.2 mg/kg than T1, effectively increasing the available P content in the 20-40 cm soil layer. Maize yields of T2 and T3 were increased by 11.7% and 22.6% respectively compared with T1. Maize yield in T3 was increased by 9.7% compared with T2. Therefore, the new tillage and fertilization method could improve the water retention performance of deep soil, increase the available P in the lower layer of the soil, then promote the P absorption of maize, increase the P fertilizer use efficiency, resulting in the enhanced maize yield and the reduced soil water and P nutrition losses.

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马阳, 吴敏, 郭献彬, 王亚玲, 李鸿池, 王艳群, 彭正萍, 郭丽果.新型耕作施肥方式下夏玉米田土壤水分分布和磷素利用研究[J].水土保持学报,2019,33(2):98~102

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  • 收稿日期:2018-10-17
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-04-17
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