The aim of the current study was to examine the changes of soil physical and chemical properties and microbial quantity characteristics and to provide a reference for the restoration and utilization of the degraded grassland in alpine meadow of Gannan, Gansu Province. Soils were classified as reseeded rye group, reseeded oat group and non-reseeded (control group), and the soil was collected from the above three groups on May, July and October 2017, respectively, to investigate their physiochemical characteristics and the microbial quantity characteristics. Results showed that the soil water contents of reseeded rye grassland was significantly higher than that of oat grassland (P<0.05), the soil water contents of the above grassland were significantly higher than that of control in May and July, while there was no significant difference in October (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in pH among different sowing methods in each month (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in total nitrogen and phosphorus contents among different soil groups (P>0.05). However, the soil organic carbon contents in 10-20 cm soil layer in May, and the total nitrogen content in 40-50 cm soil layer in October of the reseeded rye group were significantly higher than the same parameters of the oat and control groups (P<0.05). On the contrary, the soil organic carbon content in 20-30 cm soil layer of the reseeded oat group was significantly higher than those of the rye and control groups in July. In May, the soil bacterial loads in 0-30 cm soil layer of the reseeded rye and oat groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), while the same parameter in 0-10 cm soil of reseeded groups was significantly higher than that of the control group in July (P<0.05), and the bacterial load in 0-30 cm soil layer of the reseeded rye group was significantly higher than that of the control in October (P<0.05). In May and October, the fungal load in 0-10 cm soil layer of both reseeded rye and oat groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the fungal load in 10-30 cm soil layer and actinomycelial load in 0-10 cm soil layer of reseeded groups were significantly higher than that of control group in July (P<0.05). Redundancy analysis showed that the changes of soil bacteria and fungi were linkage, and positively correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and other nutrients. Therefore, it could be concluded that the changes of soil nutrients after supplementary sowing had led to the differences in soil microbial quantity, which needed attention in grassland restoration and management practices.