A Five-year field experiment was conducted to study the size compositions and stability of soil aggregate and their soil organic carbon (SOC) contribution rates to total SOC in different maize straw returning treatments (without straw returning, CK; straw cover returning, SCR; straw rotational tillage returning, SRT). The results indicated that straw returning modes significantly increased the mass of macro-aggregates (>250 μm), mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD), compared with CK (P < 0.05). SRT had more significant effects on formation of soil macro-aggregates than SCR, but there was no obvious difference in stability of soil aggregate between SRT and SCR. SRT markedly enhanced SOC of every size aggregates and contribution rates of aggregates SOC, which were higher than SCR in SOC of >2 000 μm and <53 μm aggregates, contribution rates of 250~2 000 μm aggregates SOC. There were significant positive correlations between the SOC and the stability and associated-C (P < 0.01) of aggregate. Straw rotational tillage (two years of rotary tillage plus one year of moldboard return) was more favorable for macro-aggregates formation and soil structure stability, improving carbon pool of soil aggregate and their SOC contribution rates, which one of was the most appropriate rotational tillage pattern in Chernozem soil, northeast China.